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Axial Skeletal Reporting

Module description

This module will enhance your understanding and knowledge of the axial skeleton and will develop your image interpretation skills in order to provide accurate written reports. It will allow for a comprehensive understanding of axial skeletal trauma and will allow for either application of the knowledge gained in the musculoskeletal pathology module, or revision of prior learning. 

Students undertaking this module should be familiar with projection radiography images and be a registered healthcare professional. You will be required to hold employment in a healthcare setting where you have access to images and mentorship for the reporting aspects. You will also be required to demonstrate HCPC registration.   

Module aims - intentions of the module

This module aims to support you in the development of your knowledge of the axial skeleton. This module will introduce the you to mechanism of injury and will enable you to identify the radiological appearances of trauma commonly associated with the axial skeleton. The module will also consolidate knowledge and understanding of various musculoskeletal pathologies in addition to normal variants. 

As a student undertaking this module you will develop and enhance y report writing abilities and will be able to demonstrate a deeper understanding of how the clinical picture relates to the image findings.

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

ILO: Module-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 1. Analyse, interpret and critically evaluate radiographic images of the axial skeleton including complex cases.
• 2. Use clinical reasoning and critical judgement in the construction of radiological reports of the axial skeleton and demonstrate comprehension of the resultant clinical decision making process.
• 3. Use the current evidence base to inform knowledge and demonstrate understanding of pathologies and trauma appearances of the axial skeleton.

ILO: Discipline-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 4. Demonstrate a systematic understanding of medical vocabulary and use accurate terminology to describe image findings precisely.
• 5. Undertake analysis of complex image findings and cases and apply advanced theoretical knowledge in the evaluation of findings in the context of the most recent evidence-base
• 6. Evaluate the context of the radiological report and how it may impact on the subsequent management of the patient based on the current evidence base

ILO: Personal and key skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 7. Identify, evaluate and maintain qualities to support effective communication in a range of complex and specialised contexts.
• 8. Exercise initiative and personal responsibility for independent learning and continuing professional development.

Syllabus plan

Develop a comprehensive understanding of:

1. Normal axial skeletal anatomy and normal variants
2. Axial musculoskeletal pathology
3. Mechanism of injury and radiological appearances
4. The appearances of minor and major axial skeletal trauma
5. Use and apply the correct medical terminology
6. Appropriate construction of radiological reports
7. Demonstrate an awareness of image quality
8. Appropriate diagnostic pathway and clinical decision making

Learning activities and teaching methods (given in hours of study time)

Details of learning activities and teaching methods

Formative assessment

Summative assessment (% of credit)

Details of summative assessment

Details of re-assessment (where required by referral or deferral)

Re-assessment notes

In order to pass the module, the examinations and the portfolio components must be passed.

In the event that you fail to complete sufficient practice reports to pass the portfolio component you will be required to submit any outstanding reports within eight weeks of the original submission date.

The final OSE scores will be scaled in order that the final module mark is in line with accepted conventions in regard to the classifications awarded for successful postgraduate study. Specific details can be found in the programme handbook.

Indicative learning resources - Basic reading

1. Adam, A., Dixon, A. K., Gillard, J. H. and Schaefer-Prokop, C. M. eds., 2015.  Grainger And Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook Of Medical Imaging.  6^th ed.  Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.  EHL (NHS): WN 100 GRA Vol 1 and WN 100 GRA Vol 2
2. Blankenbaker, D. G., Davies, K. W., Sonin, A., Crim, J. R., Tuite, M. J. and Andrews, C. L., 2016.  Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma.  2^nd ed.  Elsevier.  UL: electronic resource.
3. Dähnert, W., 2017.  Radiology Review Manual.  8^th ed.  Wolters Kluwer.  UL: 616.0757 DAH
4. Davies, S. G. ed, 2014.  Chapman And Nakielny’s Aids To Radiological Differential Diagnosis.  6^th ed.  Saunders.  UL: electronic resource.
5. Fox, J C., ed., 2017.  Clinical Emergency Radiology.  2^nd ed.  Cambridge University Press.  UL: electronic resource
6. Grant, L. A. and Griffin. N., 2018.  Grainger And Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology Essentials.  2^nd ed.  Elsevier.  UL: 616.0757 GRA
7. Helms, C., 2014.  Fundamentals Of Skeletal Radiology.  4^th ed.  Elsevier Saunders.  UL: electronic resource.
8. Keats, T. E. and Anderson, M. W., 2013.  Atlas Of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease.  9^th ed.  Elsevier Saunders.  UL: electronic resource.
9. McConnell, J., Eyres, R. and Nightingale, J., 2005.  Interpreting Trauma Radiographs.  Blackwell.  UL: 616.0757 MAC
10. Raby, N., Berman, L., Morley, S. and de Lacey, G., 2015.  Accident And Emergency Radiology: A Survival Guide.  3^rd ed.  Saunders.  UL: 616.0757 RAB
11. Renton, P., 1998.  Orthopaedic Radiology: Pattern Recognition And Differential Diagnosis.  2^nd ed.  CRC Press.  UL: 616.0757 REN
12. Resnick, D., 2002.  Diagnosis Of Bone And Joint Disorders.  4^th ed.  WB Saunders.  UL: 616.71075 RES (Vol 1 through to Vol 5)
13. Rogers, L. F. and Clark West, O., 2015.  Imaging Skeletal Trauma.  4^th ed.  Elsevier Saunders.  UL: electronic resource.