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Practice Foundations 3

Module description

*Please note that Degree Apprenticeship programmes have variable start dates and modules are taught across the full year.

The aim of this module is to, in negotiation with your employer, prepare you for practice.  You will build on your prior knowledge and clinical experience to deepen your understanding of a particular aspect of radiographic practice. You will work under supervision, in this negotiated area, becoming an integral member of the multi-professional healthcare team.

The module commences with an attendance block at the University of Exeter with an emphasis on face-to-face learning. The module then runs over a 12 month period with two further block attendances across the year for further face-to-face learning. In the non-block weeks there will be protected ‘off the job’ learning (one day (7.5 hours) per week) supported by e-learning materials provided by the academic team. The full calendar of activities and assessment will be made available via the handbook. Annual leave may be booked in accordance with the requirements laid out in the handbook.

Module aims - intentions of the module

This module aims to develop your knowledge base and skills in an employer negotiated area of clinical practice.

During this module you will gain in-depth knowledge and skills in the specified area / modality. You will have responsibility for organising your working day and liaising with staff in the area to ensure you gain the requisite range of clinical competence with a focus on holistic, compassionate care. 

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

ILO: Module-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 1. Practice safely and effectively within the scope of your negotiated area of practice.
• 2. Care for and communicate with patients and / or colleagues appropriately, demonstrating a duty of care and awareness of legal and ethical professional boundaries including confidentiality.
• 3. Evaluate quality measures relevant to your area of negotiated practice and demonstrate understanding of corrective actions. Where area of negotiated practice involves imaging, this includes evaluate medical images using a recognised methodology, identifying normal, developmental and anatomical variant anatomy, assessing image quality, using abnormality alerts as per departmental protocol.
• 4. Recognise an appropriate course of action to be undertaken in the event of an emergency situation within your negotiated area of practice.

ILO: Discipline-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 5. Demonstrate ability to further develop skills and knowledge by reflecting on clinical experience and identifying strengths and areas for further learning.
• 6. Maintain accurate records, meeting professional requirements, as well as an individual learning journal.

ILO: Personal and key skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 7. Identify learning needs and create an appropriate action plan to further develop knowledges and skills.
• 8. Contribute positively to the placement department, working in partnership with service users, work effectively with other professions and professionals, support staff and others, ensure effective management of caseload and resources.
• 9. Practice within limits of own competence seeking advice as appropriate, accepting responsibility for decisions made.
• 10. Solve problems using knowledge, experience and personal initiative.

Syllabus plan

Whilst the module’s precise content may vary from year to year, an example of an overall structure is as follows:

As relevant to the negotiated area of practice

SAFE AND EFFECTIVE PRACTICE
Practice safely and effectively within the scope of practice for the negotiated area of practice e.g. undertaking imaging and modification of imaging techniques and / or completion of tasks and activities
Safety considerations specific to the negotiated area of practice, and processes / mitigations in place to minimise risk

COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND LEGAL & ETHICAL PROFESSIONAL BOUNDARIES
Key communication skills and underpinning theory that have particular relevance to the negotiated area of practice
Work within applicable legislation and departmental policies, protocols and systems of work for the negotiated area of practice.
Specific ethical considerations specific to the negotiated area of practice and how these are mitigated

QUALITY MEASURES (& IMAGE EVALUATION WHERE RELEVANT)
Key quality measures relevant to the negotiated area of practice e.g. audit, patient feedback, staff survey, quality control testing.
Where area of negotiated practice involves imaging, image evaluation using an established methodology, with ability to identify artefacts, implement corrective actions, identify key abnormalities and escalate where appropriate according to local pathways.

EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Role of the radiographer in the event of an emergency situation in the negotiated area of practice e.g. types of situation that may arise, actions to be taken, availability of equipment and other personnel to assist

REFLECTION ON EXPERIENCE
The role of feedback and reflection to measure achievement
The conscious competence model
The HCPC audit and reflection

RECORD KEEPING AND LEARNING JOURNAL
Use of tools such as achievement trackers to monitor progress

LEARNING NEEDS AND ACTION PLANNING
Objective setting, SMART objectives
Personal development planning, SWOT analysis, GAP analysis

EFFECTIVE TEAM WORKING AND CASELOAD MANAGEMENT
Role of area of negotiated practice in relation to the patient pathway, impact / relevance of role on patient care (non-clinical pathways)

SCOPE OF PRACTICE AND COMPETENCE
What is a scope of practice, defining a scope of practice for the negotiated area of practice.
What is competency, measuring competency for the negotiated area of practice
Professional responsibility in decision making

PROBLEM SOLVING
Identifying challenges / barriers to learning and solutions / actions

Learning activities and teaching methods (given in hours of study time)

Details of learning activities and teaching methods

Formative assessment

Summative assessment (% of credit)

Details of summative assessment

Details of re-assessment (where required by referral or deferral)

Re-assessment notes

This programme runs to a non-standard timetable; assessment weeks and Assessment, Progression & Awarding Committees (APACs) for both initial and deferred assessments are held as per the programme’s published timetable.

Each component of this module must be passed. Reassessment should be of the original assessment with additional preparation made to bring performance up to passing standard. The referred assessment will be capped at the pass mark. The module mark will not be capped. If any component is not passed at the final referral attempt, the module is capped at 39%.

Indicative learning resources - Basic reading

• Carlton R.R. and Adler A.M. (2013), Radiographic Imaging Concepts and Principles (5^th edition), Delmar, ISBN 1473720524
• McConnell J., Eyres R. and Nightingale J. (2005), Interpreting Trauma Radiographs, Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-1534

Indicative learning resources - Web based and electronic resources

• UK Statutory Instruments (2017), Ionising Radiation Regulations 2017, The Stationary Office, Available from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1075/contents/made,
• UK Statutory Instruments (2017), The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2017, The Stationery Office, Available from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1322/made, 
• UK Statutory Instruments (2018), The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) (Amendment) Regulations 2018, The Stationary Office, Available from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/121/contents/made,  
• The Health & Safety Executive (2018), Work with Ionising Radiation. Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017: Approved Code of Practice and Guidance, HSE Books, ISBN 9780717666621,
• Society and College of Radiographers (2013), Preliminary Clinical Evaluation and Clinical Reporting by Radiographers: Policy and Practice Guidance, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN  978-1-906225-36-0

Indicative learning resources - Other resources

• Carter C. and Veale B. (2013), Digital Radiography and PACS (2nd edition), Mosby Elsevier, ISBN 978-0323086448 
• Johns C. (2013), Becoming a Reflective Practitioner (4th edition), Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 9780470674260 
• Code of Professional Conduct, College of Radiographers (2013), Society and College of Radiographers,https://www.sor.org/�
• Principles for continuing professional development and lifelong learning in health and social care, Society and College of Radiographers, https://www.sor.org/�
• Obtaining consent: a clinical guideline for the diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy workforce,� Society and College of Radiographers, https://www.sor.org/�
• The Scope of Practice 2013, Society and College of Radiographers, https://www.sor.org/
• Raby N. (2014), Accident and Emergency Radiology - A Survival Guide (3^rd edition), Saunders Ltd, ISBN 9780702042324  
• Guidance on mental capacity decisions in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy, Society and College of Radiographers https://www.sor.org/�
• Practice Standards for the Imaging of Children and Young People, Society and College of Radiographers, https://www.sor.org/
• Blake G., Wahner H.W. and Fogelman I. (1998), The Evaluation of Osteoporosis: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Clinical Practice (2nd edition), CRC Press, ISBN 978-1853174728
• R Kowalczyk N. and Mace J.D. (2017), Radiographic Pathology for Technologists (7th edition), Mosby, ISBN 9780323675765, electronic version also available
• Kim, E. (2012), Handbook of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging: principles and clinical applications, World Scientific, ISBN 9789814366236
• Kremkau F.W. (2016), Sonography: Principles and Instruments (9th edition), Saunders, ISBN 978-0323322713
• McRobbie D.W. et al. (2017), MRI from Picture to Proton (3rd edition), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107706958
• Powsner R.A. Palmer M.R. and Powsner E.R (2013), Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics (3rd edition)., Wiley Blackwell,  ISBN 978-0470905500
• Society and College of Radiographers (2019), Safety in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 978-1-909802-31-5
• Westbrook C. (2018), MRI in Practice (5th edition), Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-119-39196-8

·        Blake G., Wahner H.W. and Fogelman I. (1998), The Evaluation of Osteoporosis: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Clinical Practice (2nd edition), CRC Press, ISBN 978-1853174728

·        R Kowalczyk N. and Mace J.D. (2017), Radiographic Pathology for Technologists (7th edition), Mosby, ISBN 9780323675765, electronic version also available

·        Kim, E. (2012), Handbook of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging: principles and clinical applications, World Scientific, ISBN 9789814366236

·        Kremkau F.W. (2016), Sonography: Principles and Instruments (9th edition), Saunders, ISBN 978-0323322713

·        McRobbie D.W. et al. (2017), MRI from Picture to Proton (3rd edition), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107706958

·        Powsner R.A. Palmer M.R. and Powsner E.R (2013), Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics (3rd edition)., Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-0470905500

·        Society and College of Radiographers (2019), Safety in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 978-1-909802-31-5

·        Westbrook C. (2018), MRI in Practice (5th edition), Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-119-39196-8

Key words search

Medical Imaging; Images; Care; Diseases; Trauma; Patient; Drugs; Implications; Contrast; Procedures; Health; Service Evaluation; Quality Improvement; Audit; Research