Practice Foundations 3

Module title	Practice Foundations 3
Module code	RAD3003ADA
Academic year	2022/3
Credits	30
Module staff	Dr Christine Heales (Lecturer) Mrs Sue McAnulla (Lecturer)

Duration: Term	1	2	3
Duration: Weeks	Please see note below

Number students taking module (anticipated)	36

Module description

*Please note that Degree Apprenticeship programmes have variable start dates and modules are taught across the full year.

The aim of this module is to, in negotiation with your employer, prepare you for practice. You will build on your prior knowledge and clinical experience to deepen your understanding of a particular aspect of radiographic practice. You will work under supervision, in this negotiated area, becoming an integral member of the multi-professional healthcare team.

The module commences with an attendance block at the University of Exeter with an emphasis on face-to-face learning. The module then runs over a 12 month period with two further block attendances across the year for further face-to-face learning. In the non-block weeks there will be protected ‘off the job’ learning (one day (7.5 hours) per week) supported by e-learning materials provided by the academic team. The full calendar of activities and assessment will be made available via the handbook. Annual leave may be booked in accordance with the requirements laid out in the handbook.

Module aims - intentions of the module

This module aims to develop your knowledge base and skills in an employer negotiated area of clinical practice.

During this module you will gain in-depth knowledge and skills in the specified area / modality. You will have responsibility for organising your working day and liaising with staff in the area to ensure you gain the requisite range of clinical competence with a focus on holistic, compassionate care.

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

ILO: Module-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

1. Practice safely and effectively within the scope of your negotiated area of practice.
2. Care for and communicate with patients and / or colleagues appropriately, demonstrating a duty of care and awareness of legal and ethical professional boundaries including confidentiality.
3. Evaluate quality measures relevant to your area of negotiated practice and demonstrate understanding of corrective actions. Where area of negotiated practice involves imaging, this includes evaluate medical images using a recognised methodology, identifying normal, developmental and anatomical variant anatomy, assessing image quality, using abnormality alerts as per departmental protocol.
4. Recognise an appropriate course of action to be undertaken in the event of an emergency situation within your negotiated area of practice.

ILO: Discipline-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

5. Demonstrate ability to further develop skills and knowledge by reflecting on clinical experience and identifying strengths and areas for further learning.
6. Maintain accurate records, meeting professional requirements, as well as an individual learning journal.

ILO: Personal and key skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

7. Identify learning needs and create an appropriate action plan to further develop knowledges and skills.
8. Contribute positively to the placement department, working in partnership with service users, work effectively with other professions and professionals, support staff and others, ensure effective management of caseload and resources.
9. Practice within limits of own competence seeking advice as appropriate, accepting responsibility for decisions made.
10. Solve problems using knowledge, experience and personal initiative.

Syllabus plan

Whilst the module’s precise content may vary from year to year, an example of an overall structure is as follows:

As relevant to the negotiated area of practice

SAFE AND EFFECTIVE PRACTICE

Positioning, and patient immobilisation for imaging including modification of technique to meet patient needs and supplementary projections for the negotiated area of practice.

Optimal exposure selection and imaging acquisition in the negotiated area of practice.

Image assessment (according to the department’s recognised methodologyl) and evaluation including escalation of unexpected findings

Operate equipment accurately, working safely, manage hazards and risks in accordance with health and safety legislation.

Safe and effective manual handling.

Principles underpinning infection control and management of waste and spills.

Infection control principles in practice, including use of personal protective equipment.

Aseptic technique and / or sterile environment (as it applies to the negotiated area of practice).

Applicable health and safety legislation, and relevant safety policies and procedures including incident reporting.

Safety considerations associated with the use of contrast media and other medicines used in imaging as relevant to the negotiated area of practice.

COMMUNICATION AND SAFEGUARDING

Identify patients and, providing appropriate information, gain informed consent.

Procedures to be followed when consent cannot be obtained.

Adaption of communication with patients appropriately, e.g. paediatrics,

Respect, dignity values and autonomy

Care and communication with, patients accounting for factors such as age, culture, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status and spiritual / religious beliefs.

Ethical issues, including confidentiality, limits of confidentiality and to acting in the best interests of service users at all times.

Raising concerns and Information sharing to safeguard individuals or wider public.

Non-discriminatory practice

Emotional intelligence, empathy, compassion and emotional resilience

RADIATION PROTECTION / SAFETY

Patient identification, including of patients unable to identify themselves

Local justification criteria, clinical priorities based on urgency of clinical conditions

Explanation and implementation of radiation protection or other safety measures, appropriate to the negotiated area of practice, showing awareness of current legislation and local application in the environments encountered within this placement.

Risk benefit to ensure individual patient exposure is appropriate.

IMAGE EVALUATION

Processing and software used for imaging viewing.

Normal, developmental and anatomical-variant radiographic anatomy

Common pathology demonstrated on the range of images encountered within the negotiated area of placement.

Assessment (using the department’s recognised methodology) and evaluation of images

Identification of images of poor diagnostic quality and corrective action.

Identification of the need for further projections.

Processes for escalation in the case of unexpected findings including use of abnormality alerts as appropriate

PATIENT CARE

Recognition of a deteriorating patient

Skills and knowledge to undertake basic life support.

Assessment, monitoring and care for the service user before, during and after medical imaging procedures

Removal and reapplication of supports and dressings.

DOCUMENTATION

Principles of information governance and related legislation (GDPR) as it relates to healthcare in practice.

Maintenance of accurate and up-to-date records

PROFESSIONALISM

Relevance and application of the negotiated area of practice in order to advise other healthcare professionals in relation to the patient's needs.

Professional relationships, both as an independent practitioner and as part of a team.

Caseload management

Resources to ensure safe, effective practice.

Interprofessional teams working in different environments including the ward setting, theatres, and within the radiology department and attendance at MDT

Personal professional behaviour (honesty, integrity, respect, character as per HCPC Code of Conduct).

SCOPE OF PRACTICE

Limits of own practice, seek advice as appropriate.

Fitness to practice (physical, mental), seeking advice and guidance, actions to be taken in case of change of circumstance

PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS.

Resolution of problems by using knowledge, experience and personal initiative.

Decisions making in regards to whether to undertake, cease or modify imaging examinations

Professional responsibility in decision making.

Learning activities and teaching methods (given in hours of study time)

Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities	Guided independent study	Placement / study abroad
28	48	638

Details of learning activities and teaching methods

Category	Hours of study time	Description
Scheduled learning and teaching activities	18	18 x 1 hour e-learning resources
Scheduled learning and teaching activities	10	10 x 1 hour tutorials
Guided independent study	48	Directed reading, private study and revision
Placement	638	2 x 7.5 hour days per week over 11 months in negotiated area of practice (minus leave, study blocks, assessment windows) as per placement guidance and contract with employer
This module is delivered as part of an integrated degree apprenticeship programme. The total required study hours for the programme have been designed in accordance with the ESFA regulations.

Formative assessment

Form of assessment	Size of the assessment (eg length / duration)	ILOs assessed	Feedback method
Tutorial discussions	30 minutes	1-10	Verbal

Summative assessment (% of credit)

Coursework	Written exams	Practical exams
66	0	34

Details of summative assessment

Form of assessment	% of credit	Size of the assessment (eg length / duration)	ILOs assessed	Feedback method
Coursework	66	3000 words	1-10	Written
Professional discussion of portfolio (viva)	34	20 minutes	1-10	Written

Details of re-assessment (where required by referral or deferral)

Original form of assessment	Form of re-assessment	ILOs re-assessed	Timescale for re-assessment
Coursework (66%), 3000 words	Coursework	1-10	5 weeks after mark release
Professional discussion of portfolio viva) (34%), 20 minutes	Professional discussion of portfolio (viva)	1-10	5 weeks after mark release

Re-assessment notes

This programme runs to a non-standard timetable; assessment weeks and Assessment, Progression & Awarding Committees (APACs) for both initial and deferred assessments are held as per the programme’s published timetable.

Each component of this module must be passed. Reassessment should be of the original assessment with additional preparation made to bring performance up to passing standard. The referred assessment will be capped at the pass mark. The module mark will not be capped. If any component is not passed at the final referral attempt, the module is capped at 39%.

Indicative learning resources - Basic reading

Carlton R.R. and Adler A.M. (2013), Radiographic Imaging Concepts and Principles (5^th edition), Delmar, ISBN 1473720524
McConnell J., Eyres R. and Nightingale J. (2005), Interpreting Trauma Radiographs, Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-1534

Indicative learning resources - Web based and electronic resources

UK Statutory Instruments (2017), Ionising Radiation Regulations 2017, The Stationary Office, Available from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1075/contents/made,
UK Statutory Instruments (2017), The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2017, The Stationery Office, Available from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1322/made,
UK Statutory Instruments (2018), The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) (Amendment) Regulations 2018, The Stationary Office, Available from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/121/contents/made,
The Health & Safety Executive (2018), Work with Ionising Radiation. Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017: Approved Code of Practice and Guidance, HSE Books, ISBN 9780717666621,
Society and College of Radiographers (2013), Preliminary Clinical Evaluation and Clinical Reporting by Radiographers: Policy and Practice Guidance, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 978-1-906225-36-0

Indicative learning resources - Other resources

Carter C. and Veale B. (2013), Digital Radiography and PACS (2nd edition), Mosby Elsevier, ISBN 978-0323086448
Johns C. (2013), Becoming a Reflective Practitioner (4th edition), Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 9780470674260
Code of Professional Conduct, College of Radiographers (2013), Society and College of Radiographers,https://www.sor.org/â?¯
Principles for continuing professional development and lifelong learning in health and social care, Society and College of Radiographers, https://www.sor.org/â?¯
Obtaining consent: a clinical guideline for the diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy workforce,â?¯ Society and College of Radiographers, https://www.sor.org/â?¯
The Scope of Practice 2013, Society and College of Radiographers, https://www.sor.org/
Raby N. (2014), Accident and Emergency Radiology - A Survival Guide (3^rd edition), Saunders Ltd, ISBN 9780702042324
Guidance on mental capacity decisions in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy, Society and College of Radiographers https://www.sor.org/â?¯
Practice Standards for the Imaging of Children and Young People, Society and College of Radiographers, https://www.sor.org/
Blake G., Wahner H.W. and Fogelman I. (1998), The Evaluation of Osteoporosis: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Clinical Practice (2nd edition), CRC Press, ISBN 978-1853174728
R Kowalczyk N. and Mace J.D. (2017), Radiographic Pathology for Technologists (7th edition), Mosby, ISBN 9780323675765, electronic version also available
Kim, E. (2012), Handbook of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging: principles and clinical applications, World Scientific, ISBN 9789814366236
Kremkau F.W. (2016), Sonography: Principles and Instruments (9th edition), Saunders, ISBN 978-0323322713
McRobbie D.W. et al. (2017), MRI from Picture to Proton (3rd edition), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107706958
Powsner R.A. Palmer M.R. and Powsner E.R (2013), Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics (3rd edition)., Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-0470905500
Society and College of Radiographers (2019), Safety in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 978-1-909802-31-5
Westbrook C. (2018), MRI in Practice (5th edition), Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-119-39196-8

· Blake G., Wahner H.W. and Fogelman I. (1998), The Evaluation of Osteoporosis: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Clinical Practice (2nd edition), CRC Press, ISBN 978-1853174728

· R Kowalczyk N. and Mace J.D. (2017), Radiographic Pathology for Technologists (7th edition), Mosby, ISBN 9780323675765, electronic version also available

· Kim, E. (2012), Handbook of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging: principles and clinical applications, World Scientific, ISBN 9789814366236

· Kremkau F.W. (2016), Sonography: Principles and Instruments (9th edition), Saunders, ISBN 978-0323322713

· McRobbie D.W. et al. (2017), MRI from Picture to Proton (3rd edition), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781107706958

· Powsner R.A. Palmer M.R. and Powsner E.R (2013), Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics (3rd edition)., Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-0470905500

· Society and College of Radiographers (2019), Safety in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 978-1-909802-31-5

· Westbrook C. (2018), MRI in Practice (5th edition), Wiley Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-119-39196-8

Key words search

Medical Imaging; Images; Care; Diseases; Trauma; Patient; Drugs; Implications; Contrast; Procedures; Health, Service Evaluation, Quality Improvement, Audit, Research

Credit value	30
Module ECTS	15
Module pre-requisites	RAD2001DA, RAD2003DA, RAD2004DA
Module co-requisites	RAD3001DA, RAD3002DA, RAD3004ADA
NQF level (module)	6
Available as distance learning?	No
Origin date	21/12/2021
Last revision date	22/06/2022