Applied Radiographic Knowledge (ARK) 1
| Module title | Applied Radiographic Knowledge (ARK) 1 |
|---|---|
| Module code | RAD1001DA |
| Academic year | 2021/2 |
| Credits | 30 |
| Module staff | Dr Abasiama Dick Obotiba (Lecturer) Dr Rosey Davies (Lecturer) |
| Duration: Term | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duration: Weeks | Please see note below |
| Number students taking module (anticipated) | 36 |
|---|
Module description
Please note that Degree Apprenticeship programmes have variable start dates and modules are taught across the full year.
This module introduces relevant anatomy and physiology and the scientific concepts underpinning Medical Imaging.
The module commences with an attendance block at the University of Exeter with an emphasis on face-to-face learning. The module then runs over a 12 month period with two further block attendances across the year for further face-to-face learning. In the non-block weeks there will be protected ‘off the job’ learning (one day (7.5 hours) per week) supported by e-learning materials provided by the academic team. The full calendar of activities and assessment will be made available via the handbook. Annual leave may be booked in accordance with the requirements laid out in the handbook
Module aims - intentions of the module
The aim of this module is to enable you to develop knowledge of the essential multi-disciplinary sciences that underpin diagnostic radiography practice with a focus on projection radiography.
During this module you will learn about the anatomy and physiology of the human body, including surface anatomy. You will learn about how x-rays are produced and interact with the body to form medical images. By learning about these interactions you will gain understanding of the safety implications of working with and exposing patients to ionising radiation, so that you are able to use ionising radiation safely in practice. This includes being introduced to the legislative framework for the use of ionising radiation in medical imaging. You will be introduced to digital imaging as used in medical imaging, and the principles of image (and therefore dose) optimisation.
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
ILO: Module-specific skills
On successfully completing the module you will be able to...
- 1. Apply to practice the scientific principles of ionising radiation, how ionising radiation interacts with tissues, and principles of radiation protection and radiation protection legislation.
- 2. Apply the principles of image formation, image receptor design and image optimisation in projection radiography and fluoroscopy.
- 3. Understand the principles of equipment and room design in projection radiography and fluoroscopy.
- 4. Understand quality assurance and quality control tests typically undertaken in projection radiography and fluoroscopy.
- 5. Demonstrate knowledge of normal human anatomy including surface anatomy.
- 6. Demonstrate knowledge of normal physiology at the systems level.
ILO: Discipline-specific skills
On successfully completing the module you will be able to...
- 7. Demonstrate reasoning and mathematical skills to support level 4 work
- 8. Use appropriate sources of information to develop own knowledge
ILO: Personal and key skills
On successfully completing the module you will be able to...
- 9. Manage time and, with guidance, prioritise workloads
- 10. Demonstrate basic problem solving skills
Syllabus plan
Whilst the module’s precise content may vary from year to year, an example of an overall structure is as follows:
IONISING RADIATION, RADIATION PROTECTION
Underpinning scientific principles
Molecules, atoms, nuclei, electrons, ions, isotopes.
Electromagnetic spectrum, photons.
X-ray production: Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation
Radioactive decay: alpha- , beta-, and gamma-decay.
Interactions with tissues
X-ray interaction: Rayleigh scattering, photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production.
Introductory radiobiology.
Radiation protection
Radiation dose, radiation units
Dosimetry: practical devices
Radiation protection – staff, including personnel monitoring.
Radiation protection – patients, including dose recording
Risk-benefit philosophy and associated constraints on practice
Legislation
Overview of legislation and regulations for radiation protection -The Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017,
The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2017, Local Rules
Record keeping and information for patients
IMAGE FORMATION AND OPTIMISATION
Digital Imaging
Image receptor design, x-ray interactions with image receptors
Technical evaluation of images (spatial resolution, SNR, CNR, histograms etc)
Sources of noise and how to minimise this
Exposure Factors
kVp, mA, mAs – relationship to image appearances, impact of manipulation upon image quality
Appropriate exposure factor selection, image optimisation
EQUIPMENT AND ROOM DESIGN
Projection Radiography
X-Ray tube, bucky, couch and other equipment design
Room layout – safe and efficient practice
Fluoroscopy
X-Ray tube, Image intensifiers, flat plate detectors, couch and other equipment design
Room layout – safe and efficient practice
QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL
Projection Radiography
QA and QC tests typically undertaken in a general department
Identify quality assurance and quality control tests typically undertaken for image receptors and digital imaging systems
Fluoroscopy
QA and QC tests typically undertaken in fluoroscopy
ANATOMY
Normal human anatomy
Axial skeleton – joints, associated musculature and other tissues
Appendicular skeleton – joints, associated musculature and other tissues
Head, neck, thorax and abdomen, principal internal organs, including surface anatomy
PHYSIOLOGY
Normal Human Physiology
Musculoskeletal system, nervous system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, renal and digestive systems, sight and hearing, endocrine system and growth & development, reproductive physiology.
Surface Anatomy
Relation of internal anatomy to surface landmarks
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC
Mathematical skills
Numbers, physical quantities, symbols and units.
Equations: simplifying, rearranging and solving.
Learning activities and teaching methods (given in hours of study time)
| Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities | Guided independent study | Placement / study abroad |
|---|---|---|
| 58 | 29 | 0 |
Details of learning activities and teaching methods
| Category | Hours of study time | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Scheduled learning and teaching activities | 9 | 9 x 1 hour lectures |
| Scheduled learning and teaching activities | 9 | 3 x 3 hour practical sessions in lab |
| Scheduled learning and teaching activities | 40 | 40 x 1 hour e-learning resources |
| Guided independent study | 29 | Directed reading, private study and revision |
| This module is delivered as part of an integrated degree apprenticeship programme. The total required study hours for the programme have been designed in accordance with the ESFA regulations. |
Formative assessment
| Form of assessment | Size of the assessment (eg length / duration) | ILOs assessed | Feedback method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Tests* | 3 x 2 hours | 1-10 | Oral |
Summative assessment (% of credit)
| Coursework | Written exams | Practical exams |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 100 | 0 |
Details of summative assessment
| Form of assessment | % of credit | Size of the assessment (eg length / duration) | ILOs assessed | Feedback method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Examination (MCQ)* | 100 | 2 hours (120 questions) | 1-10 | Written |
Details of re-assessment (where required by referral or deferral)
| Original form of assessment | Form of re-assessment | ILOs re-assessed | Timescale for re-assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Examination (MCQ)* | Examination (MCQ) | 1-10 | 6 weeks after mark release |
Re-assessment notes
This programme runs to a non-standard timetable. Assessment weeks and Assessment, Progression & Awarding Committees (APACs) for both initial and deferred assessments are held as per the programme’s published timetable.
* The aim of progress-testing is deep learning and long-term retention of material. Each progress test assessment therefore includes questions from all of the Applied Radiographic Knowledge modules: RAD1001DA, RAD2001DA and RAD3001DA. Each assessment contains an equal number of questions from each module and the pass mark is scaled to reflect the proportion of the curriculum taught at the stage of assessment. Please refer to the 'Assessment’ section on the ‘Diagnostic Radiographer - Programme Information’ ELE page for further details about scaling.
Indicative learning resources - Basic reading
Graham D.T., Cloke P. and Vosper M. (2012), Principles and Applications of Radiological Physics (6th edition), Churchill Livingstone, ISBN 9780702052156 electronic version also available
Carlton R.R. and Adler A.M. (2013), Radiographic Imaging Concepts and Principles (5th edition), Delmar, ISBN 1473720524
McQuillen Marten (2019) Radiographic Image Analysis 5th edition ISBN 978-0-323-52281-6
McQuillen Marten (2019) Radiographic Image Analysis workbook ISBN 978-0-323-54463-4
Ross & Wilson. (2018) Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, 13edition ISBN-13: 978-0702072765
Ross & Wilson.(2018) , Anatomy and Physiology Colouring and Workbook (5th edition) ISBN 978-0-7020-7325-0
Indicative learning resources - Web based and electronic resources
UK Statutory Instruments (2017), Ionising Radiation Regulations 2017, The Stationary Office, Available from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1075/contents/made,
UK Statutory Instruments (2017), The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2017, The Stationery Office, Available from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/1322/made,
UK Statutory Instruments (2018), The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) (Amendment) Regulations 2018, The Stationary Office, Available from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/121/contents/made,
The Health & Safety Executive (2018), Work with Ionising Radiation. Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017: Approved Code of Practice and Guidance, HSE Books, ISBN 9780717666621,
Indicative learning resources - Other resources
Bushong S. (2017), Radiologic Science for Technologists (10th edition), Elsevier, ISBN 9780323353779
Carter C. and Veale B. (2013), Digital Radiography and PACS (2nd edition), Mosby Elsevier, ISBN 978-0323086448
Tortora G.J. and Derrickson B. (2017), Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15th edition), John Wiley, ISBN 9781119382928 electronic version also available
| Credit value | 30 |
|---|---|
| Module ECTS | 15 |
| Module pre-requisites | None |
| Module co-requisites | RAD1003DA, RAD1004DA |
| NQF level (module) | 4 |
| Available as distance learning? | No |
| Origin date | 06/06/2019 |
| Last revision date | 20/09/2021 |
