Journal articles
Lv Z, Song HH, Shen J, Vaughan N (In Press). Digital Twins of Plant and Forest.
Frontiers in Plant ScienceAbstract:
Digital Twins of Plant and Forest
In forestry and plantation management, digital twins can improve viable business insights and reduce operating costs. The application of digital twins is still expanding. This Research Topic hopes to collect the application models and key technologies of digital twins in forest management and plant cultivation to lay the foundation for expanding the application scope of visual intelligence solutions.
Abstract.
Russon CL, Vaughan N, Carr ALJ, Pulsford RM, Allen M, Andrews RC (2022). An increase in recording interval in continuous glucose monitors results in the identification of fewer hypoglycaemic episodes but interpolation can help to identify some of these missed episodes. Diabetic Medicine, 39
Russon CL, Vaughan N, Pulsford RM, Andrews RD, Allen M (2022). Glycaemic events during exercise can be effectively predicted with machine learning using only start glucose and duration.
Diabetologia,
65 (Suppl 1), S324-S324.
Abstract:
Glycaemic events during exercise can be effectively predicted with machine learning using only start glucose and duration
Background and Aims
When people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) exercise, we suggest they stay in the range of 7-15 mmol/L and take action if glucose moves outside of this range. In a study of 39 people with T1D who took part in a half marathon, 70% had to stop to deal with a low or high glucose event. If people with T1D were warned pre-exercise of the risk of a glycaemic event, it would allow them to take countermeasures to prevent these events occurring. Using standard demographic data, blood tests and information about the exercise bout, we aimed to examine whether machine learning (ML) could predict low or high glucose events during exercise.
Material and methods
Data came from 2 exercise studies (EXTOD education and EXTOD 101) with each having data on age, sex, length of diabetes, body mass index, HbA1c, C-peptide and time, length, intensity (BORG scale) and type (aerobic, anaerobic and mixed) of exercise sessions. EXTOD education had 2 weeks of Dexcom G6 data from 54 participants and EXTOD 101 8 weeks of Freestyle Libre data from 34 participants. In total there were 976 bouts of exercise.
The thresholds for low glucose and high glucose were set to 7 and 15mmol/L – the point at which intervention is advised. A single reading below or above the threshold was considered as a positive event. 486 bouts contained a glucose reading below 7 and 151 had glucose reading above 15 mmol/L.
80% of this data was used to train an ML algorithm (XGBoost) which then determined how important each measure was and what was the best combination. This was then tested on the remaining 20% of data using area under the receiver operator curve (ROC AUC) score as the validation metric.
Results
For predicting a glucose reading below 7mmol/L, the addition of the best 6 measures identified by ML resulted in a ROC AUC score 0.902. These, in order of importance, were glucose at start of exercise (starting glucose), duration of exercise, type of exercise, intensity, time of day and C-peptide. For predicting glucose above 15 mmol/L, incorporating the best 7 measures resulted in a ROC score of 0.973. These were start glucose, duration, intensity, sex, years since diagnosis, C-peptide, and time of day.
The two most important measures were start glucose and duration of exercise bout in both contexts. Using only these features, a ROC AUC score of 0.890 was achieved for predicting low glucose and 0.968 for high glucose. The model accuracy and sensitivity-specificity intersect was 0.804 and 0.804 for low glucose and 0.949 and 0.900 for high.
Using logistic analysis, we have taken these two measures to develop a heat map that can help patients predict their risk of going below 7 or above 15mmol/L during an exercise (see figure 1).
Conclusions
ML has produced a simple heat map to predict risk of glucose going below 7 or above 15mmol/L during exercise. We will go on to look at whether it can predict lower glucose levels during exercise and at times further away from the start of exercise.
Abstract.
Lv Z, Marfia G, Poiesi F, Vaughan N, Shen J (2022). Virtual-reality and intelligent hardware in Digital Twins. Virtual Reality and Intelligent Hardware, 4(6), ii-iii.
Lv Z, Marfia G, Poiesi F, Vaughan N, Shen J (2022). Virtual-reality and intelligent hardware in digital twins. Virtual Reality and Intelligent Hardware, 4(4), ii-iv.
Russon C, Vaughan N, Andrews R (2021). Accuracy Analysis of Interpolation Methods. on Flash Glucose Monitoring Data.
Diabetic Medicine,
Volume 38(Issue S1).
Abstract:
Accuracy Analysis of Interpolation Methods. on Flash Glucose Monitoring Data
Background: Flash glucose monitoring is increasingly used by people with type 1 diabetes. Flash glucose monitoring data contains gaps between measurements with measurements only measured every 15 minutes. Estimating what the glucose is between scan readings might lead to more accurate metrics such as time in range.
Aims: to determine if statistical interpolation methods could be used to estimate what the blood glucose (BG) was between scan readings, at various blood glucose levels and different times of day, at rest and during exercise.
Methods: 36 people with Type 1 diabetes training for the Swansea half marathon completed a training diary and wore a Flash-glucose-monitor for 8 weeks prior to the event. Missing intervals within data were identified and multiple interpolation algorithms were applied to estimate BG values during gaps. Predictions were verified using manual flash measurements.
Results: Interpolated BGs correlation (R2) with manual scanned readings were very good. However, the best method for doing the interpolation varied by time-of-day, blood glucose levels and on whether exercising or not. In addition, the variations around the estimate (RMSE) also varied by time-of-day, blood glucose levels and whether exercising or not. For example RMSE was often lower during exercise compared to at rest, with higher RMSE during day than at night.
Discussion: Interpolation might improve the accuracy of time in range of flash glucose monitoring. However different methods of interpolation will be needed to be used for different times of the day, for different blood glucoses and whether exercising or at rest.
Abstract.
Rees N, Beever L, Vaughan N, Powell C, Fletcher A, John N (2021). Virtual reality training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in schools. Journal of Paramedic Practice, 13 (9)
Vaughan N, Vargiu E, Mariani S, Montagna S, Schumacher M (2020). Healthcare Intelligent Multi Agent Systems. Journal of Medical Systems, 44, 138-138.
Vaughan N, Rees N, John N, Day T, Dorrington K (2020). ParaVR: a Virtual Reality Training Simulator for Paramedic Skills maintenance. Journal of Paramedic Practice: the clinical monthly for emergency care professionals, 12(12).
Vaughan N, Gabrys B (2020). Scoring and assessment in medical VR training simulators with dynamic time series classification. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 94
Lee W, Vaughan N, Kim D (2020). Task Allocation into a Foraging Task with a Series of Subtasks in Swarm Robotic System. IEEE Access, 8, 107549-107561.
Mediouni M, Madiouni R, Gardner M, Vaughan N (2020). Translational medicine: Challenges and new orthopaedic vision (Mediouni-Model).
Current Orthopaedic Practice,
31(2), 196-200.
Abstract:
Translational medicine: Challenges and new orthopaedic vision (Mediouni-Model)
In North America and three European countries translational medicine (TM) funding has taken center stage as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), for example, has come to recognize that delays are commonplace in completing clinical trials based on benchside advancements. Recently, there are several illustrative examples whereby the translation of research had untoward outcomes requiring immediate action. Focus more on three-dimensional (3D) simulation, biomarkers, and artificial intelligence may allow orthopaedic surgeons to predict the ideal practices before orthopaedic surgery. Using the best medical imaging techniques may improve the accuracy and precision of tumor resections. This article is directed at young surgeon scientists and in particular orthopaedic residents and all other junior physicians in training to help them better understand TM and position themselves on career paths and hospital systems that strive for optimal TM. It serves to hasten the movement of knowledge garnered from the benchside and move it quickly to the bedside. Communication is ongoing in a bidirectional format. It is anticipated that more and more medical centers and institutions will adopt TM models of healthcare delivery.
Abstract.
Mediouni M, Kucklick T, Poncet S, Madiouni R, Abouaomar A, Madry H, Cucchiarini M, Chopko B, Vaughan N, Arora M, et al (2019). An overview of thermal necrosis: present and future.
Curr Med Res Opin,
35(9), 1555-1562.
Abstract:
An overview of thermal necrosis: present and future.
Introduction: Many orthopaedic procedures require drilling of bone, especially fracture repair cases. Bone drilling results in heat generation due to the friction between the bone and the drill bit. A high-level of heat generation kills bone cells. Bone cell death results in resorption of bone around bone screws.Methods: We searched in the literature for data on parameters that influence drilling bone and could lead to thermal necrosis. The points of view of many orthopaedists and neurosurgeons based upon on previous practices and clinical experience are presented.Results: Several potential complications that lead to thermal necrosis are discussed and highlighted.Discussion: Even in the face of growing evidence as to the negative effects of heat induction during drilling, simple and effective methods for monitoring and cooling in real-time are not in widespread usage today. For that purpose, we propose some suggestions for the future of bone drilling, taking note of recent advances in autonomous robotics, intelligent systems and computer simulation techniques.Conclusions: These advances in prevention of thermal necrosis during bone drilling surgery are expected to reduce the risk of patient injury and costs for the health service.
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Author URL.
Vaughan N, Dubey V (2017). Interpreting Ultrasound Images for Accurate Epidural Needle Insertion.
Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME,
11(3)Abstract:
Interpreting Ultrasound Images for Accurate Epidural Needle Insertion
This work presents development and testing of image processing algorithms for the automatic detection of landmarks within ultrasound images.
The aim was to automate ultrasound analysis, for use during the process of epidural needle insertion. For epidural insertion, ultrasound is increasingly used to guide the needle into the epidural space. Ultrasound can improve the safety of epidural and was recommended by the 2008 NICE guidelines (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). Without using ultrasound, there is no way for the anaesthetist to observe the location of the needle within the ligaments requiring the use of their personal judgment which may lead to injury.
Abstract.
Mediouni M, Schlatterer DR, Khoury A, Von Bergen T, Shetty SH, Arora M, Dhond A, Vaughan N, Volosnikov A (2017). Optimal parameters to avoid thermal necrosis during bone drilling: a finite element analysis.
J Orthop Res,
35(11), 2386-2391.
Abstract:
Optimal parameters to avoid thermal necrosis during bone drilling: a finite element analysis.
The drilling bone may potentially cause excessive frictional heat, which can lead to local bone necrosis. This heat generation and local necrosis has been suggested to contribute to the resorption of bone around the placed screws, ending in loss of screw purchase in the bone and inadvertent loosening and/or the bone-implant construct. In vivo studies on this subject have inherent obstacles not the least of which is controlling the variables and real time bone temperature data acquisition. Theoretical models can be generated using computer software and the inclusion of known constants for the mechanical properties of metal and bone. These known Data points for the variables (drill bit and bone) enables finite element analysis of various bone drilling scenarios. An elastic-plastic three-dimensional (3D) acetabular bone mode was developed and finite element model analysis (FEA) was applied to various simulated drilling procedures. The FEA results clearly indicate that the depth of drilling and the drill speed both have a significant effect on the temperature during drilling procedures. The reduction of the feeding speed leads to a reduction in bone temperature. Our data suggests that reducing the feeding speed regardless of RPMs and pressure applied could be a simple useful and effective way to reduce drilling temperatures. This study is the first step in helping any surgeon who drills bone and places screws to better understand the ideal pressure to apply and drill speed to employ and advance rate to avoid osteonecrosis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2386-2391, 2017.
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Wee MYK, Isaacs R, Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Parker B (2017). Quantification of the pressures generated during insertion of an epidural needle in labouring women of varying body mass indices.
International Journal of Clinical Anesthesia and Research, 024-027.
Abstract:
Quantification of the pressures generated during insertion of an epidural needle in labouring women of varying body mass indices
High-fidelity epidural simulators have a role in improving training but current simulators lack a realistic experience. The primary aim of this study was to measure pressure generated on a Tuohy needle during the epidural procedure in labouring women of varying body mass indices (BMI). Epidural needle insertion pressure was measured using a Portex 16-gauge Tuohy needle, loss-of-resistance syringe, a three-way tap, pressure transducer and a custom-designed wireless transmitter. This was performed in four groups of labouring women, stratified according to BMI. Ultrasonography of the lumbar spine was undertaken prior to the epidural procedure and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed within 72h post-delivery. The mean epidural needle insertion pressure of labouring women with BMI 18-24.9 was 461mmHg; BMI 25-34.9 was 430mmHg; BMI 35-44.9 was 415mmHg and BMI >=45 2 was 376mmHg, (p=0.52). Although statistically insignificant, the study did show a decreasing trend of insertion pressure with increasing body mass indices. Trial registry number: ISRCTN 01014711 and REC reference 11/SC/0196; 13 June 2011.
Abstract.
Vaughan N, Dubey V (2017). Virtual Hip Replacement Simulator for 3D Printed Implants. Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME, 11(3)
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wainwright TW, Middleton RG (2016). A review of virtual reality based training simulators for orthopaedic surgery.
Med Eng Phys,
38(2), 59-71.
Abstract:
A review of virtual reality based training simulators for orthopaedic surgery.
This review presents current virtual reality based training simulators for hip, knee and other orthopaedic surgery, including elective and trauma surgical procedures. There have not been any reviews focussing on hip and knee orthopaedic simulators. A comparison of existing simulator features is provided to identify what is missing and what is required to improve upon current simulators. In total 11 hip replacements pre-operative planning tools were analysed, plus 9 hip trauma fracture training simulators. Additionally 9 knee arthroscopy simulators and 8 other orthopaedic simulators were included for comparison. The findings are that for orthopaedic surgery simulators in general, there is increasing use of patient-specific virtual models which reduce the learning curve. Modelling is also being used for patient-specific implant design and manufacture. Simulators are being increasingly validated for assessment as well as training. There are very few training simulators available for hip replacement, yet more advanced virtual reality is being used for other procedures such as hip trauma and drilling. Training simulators for hip replacement and orthopaedic surgery in general lag behind other surgical procedures for which virtual reality has become more common. Further developments are required to bring hip replacement training simulation up to date with other procedures. This suggests there is a gap in the market for a new high fidelity hip replacement and resurfacing training simulator.
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Author URL.
Vaughan N, Gabrys B, Dubey VN (2016). An overview of self-adaptive technologies within virtual reality training.
Computer Science Review,
22, 65-87.
Abstract:
An overview of self-adaptive technologies within virtual reality training
This overview presents the current state-of-the-art of self-adaptive technologies within virtual reality (VR) training. Virtual reality training and assessment is increasingly used for five key areas: medical, industrial & commercial training, serious games, rehabilitation and remote training such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Adaptation can be applied to five core technologies of VR including haptic devices, stereo graphics, adaptive content, assessment and autonomous agents. Automation of VR training can contribute to automation of actual procedures including remote and robotic assisted surgery which reduces injury and improves accuracy of the procedure. Automated haptic interaction can enable tele-presence and virtual artefact tactile interaction from either remote or simulated environments. Automation, machine learning and data driven features play an important role in providing trainee-specific individual adaptive training content. Data from trainee assessment can form an input to autonomous systems for customised training and automated difficulty levels to match individual requirements. Self-adaptive technology has been developed previously within individual technologies of VR training. One of the conclusions of this research is that while it does not exist, an enhanced portable framework is needed and it would be beneficial to combine automation of core technologies, producing a reusable automation framework for VR training.
Abstract.
Vaughan N, Gabrys B (2016). Comparing and combining time series trajectories using Dynamic Time Warping.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT INFORMATION & ENGINEERING SYSTEMS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE KES-2016,
96, 474-483.
Author URL.
Mediouni M, Vaughan N, Shetty SH, Arora M, Volosnikov A, Khoury A (2016). How Challenging is the “Scaling Up” of Orthopaedic Simulation?. Open Journal of Orthopedics and Rheumatology, 1(1), 012-014.
R I, MYK W, Dubey VN, N V (2015). A survey of trainees’ perspectives on epidural training in the United Kingdom. Global Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, 1(4).
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Devices for accurate placement of epidural Tuohy needle for Anaesthesia administration.
MECHANICAL SCIENCES,
5(1), 1-6.
Author URL.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Epidural Pressure Measurements from Various BMI Obstetric Patients. Journal of Medical Devices, 8(2), 020946-020946.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Parametric model of human body shape and ligaments for patient-specific epidural simulation.
Artif Intell Med,
62(2), 129-140.
Abstract:
Parametric model of human body shape and ligaments for patient-specific epidural simulation.
OBJECTIVE: This work is to build upon the concept of matching a person's weight, height and age to their overall body shape to create an adjustable three-dimensional model. A versatile and accurate predictor of body size and shape and ligament thickness is required to improve simulation for medical procedures. A model which is adjustable for any size, shape, body mass, age or height would provide ability to simulate procedures on patients of various body compositions. METHODS: Three methods are provided for estimating body circumferences and ligament thicknesses for each patient. The first method is using empirical relations from body shape and size. The second method is to load a dataset from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan or ultrasound scan containing accurate ligament measurements. The third method is a developed artificial neural network (ANN) which uses MRI dataset as a training set and improves accuracy using error back-propagation, which learns to increase accuracy as more patient data is added. The ANN is trained and tested with clinical data from 23,088 patients. RESULTS: the ANN can predict subscapular skinfold thickness within 3.54 mm, waist circumference 3.92 cm, thigh circumference 2.00 cm, arm circumference 1.21 cm, calf circumference 1.40 cm, triceps skinfold thickness 3.43 mm. Alternative regression analysis method gave overall slightly less accurate predictions for subscapular skinfold thickness within 3.75 mm, waist circumference 3.84 cm, thigh circumference 2.16 cm, arm circumference 1.34 cm, calf circumference 1.46 cm, triceps skinfold thickness 3.89 mm. These calculations are used to display a 3D graphics model of the patient's body shape using OpenGL and adjusted by 3D mesh deformations. CONCLUSIONS: a patient-specific epidural simulator is presented using the developed body shape model, able to simulate needle insertion procedures on a 3D model of any patient size and shape. The developed ANN gave the most accurate results for body shape, size and ligament thickness. The resulting simulator offers the experience of simulating needle insertions accurately whilst allowing for variation in patient body mass, height or age.
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Author URL.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Synthetic Methods for Ultrasound-Guided Epidural Insertion Simulation.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME,
8(2).
Author URL.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Virtual Reality Simulation Based Assessment Objectives for Epidural Training.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME,
8(2).
Author URL.
Isaacs R, Wee MYK, Dubey VN, Vaughan N (2013). A pilot study to measure the insertion force of a Tuohy needle in a porcine spine. International Journal of Obstetric Anaesthesia (IJOA), 22, S7-S8.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2013). A review of epidural simulators: where are we today?.
Med Eng Phys,
35(9), 1235-1250.
Abstract:
A review of epidural simulators: where are we today?
Thirty-one central neural blockade simulators have been implemented into clinical practice over the last thirty years either commercially or for research. This review aims to provide a detailed evaluation of why we need epidural and spinal simulators in the first instance and then draws comparisons between computer-based and manikin-based simulators. This review covers thirty-one simulators in total; sixteen of which are solely epidural simulators, nine are for epidural plus spinal or lumbar puncture simulation, and six, which are solely lumbar puncture simulators. All hardware and software components of simulators are discussed, including actuators, sensors, graphics, haptics, and virtual reality based simulators. The purpose of this comparative review is to identify the direction for future epidural simulation by outlining necessary improvements to create the ideal epidural simulator. The weaknesses of existing simulators are discussed and their strengths identified so that these can be carried forward. This review aims to provide a foundation for the future creation of advanced simulators to enhance the training of epiduralists, enabling them to comprehensively practice epidural insertion in vitro before training on patients and ultimately reducing the potential risk of harm.
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Author URL.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2013). Epidural Simulation for Patients of Various BMI and Body Shapes.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME,
7(3).
Author URL.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2013). Real-time length measurement of epidural Tuohy needle during insertion.
IET SCIENCE MEASUREMENT & TECHNOLOGY,
7(4), 215-222.
Author URL.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2013). Towards a realistic in vitro experience of epidural Tuohy needle insertion.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H,
227(7), 767-777.
Abstract:
Towards a realistic in vitro experience of epidural Tuohy needle insertion.
The amount of pressure exerted on the syringe and the depth of needle insertion are the two key factors for successfully carrying out epidural procedure. The force feedback from the syringe plunger is helpful in judging the loss of pressure, and the depth of the needle insertion is crucial in identifying when the needle is precisely placed in the epidural space. This article presents the development of two novel wireless devices to measure these parameters to precisely guide the needle placement in the epidural space. These techniques can be directly used on patients or implemented in a simulator for improving the safety of procedure. A pilot trial has been conducted to collect depth and pressure data with the devices on a porcine cadaver. These measurements are then combined to accurately configure a haptic device for creating a realistic in vitro experience of epidural needle insertion.
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Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2012). Advanced epidural simulator with 3d flexible spine and haptic interface. Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME, 6(1), 1-1.
Conferences
Russon CL, Vaughan N, Carr ALJ, Pulsford RM, Allen M, Andrews R (2022). An increase in recording interval in continuous glucose monitors results in the identification of fewer hypoglycaemic episodes but interpolation can help to identify some of these missed episodes. Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2022. 28th Mar - 1st Apr 2022.
Russon C, Vaughan N, Pulsford R, Andrews R, Allen M (2022). Glycaemic events during exercise can be effectively predicted with machine learning using only start glucose and duration. European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). 19th - 23rd Sep 2022.
Abstract:
Glycaemic events during exercise can be effectively predicted with machine learning using only start glucose and duration
Abstract.
Russon C, Vaughan N, Andrews R (2021). Accuracy Analysis of Interpolation Methods on Flash Glucose Monitoring Data. Diabetes UK Professional Conference. 1st - 1st Apr 2021.
Vaughan N (2021). Chair’s introduction. Visualisation of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (VizGEC), GECCO 2021. 10th - 14th Jul 2021.
Russon C, Vaughan N, Andrews R (2021). Interpolation of Fgm Data for the Improved Identification of Hypoglycaemic Episodes. Insulin100 Scientific Symposium. 15th Apr - 16th Mar 2021.
Vaughan N (2020). Chair’s introduction. Visualisation of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (VizGEC) at GECCO 2020. 8th - 12th Jul 2020.
Vaughan N (2020). Evolving a model of the retina for eyesight loss. Medical applications of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation (MedGEC), GECCO 2020. 8th - 12th Jul 2020.
Vaughan N (2020). Keynote Talk: Evolving Eye Model for Medical Applications. the Evolutionary Computation in Healthcare (TECH2020), World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2020). 19th - 24th Jul 2020.
Vaughan N, John N, Rees N (2019). CPR Virtual Reality Training Simulator for Schools. 2019 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW). 2nd - 4th Oct 2019.
Vaughan N (2019). Evolution of Biological Eye in Computer Simulation. 2019 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). 10th - 13th Jun 2019.
Abstract:
Evolution of Biological Eye in Computer Simulation
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Vaughan N, John N, Rees N (2019). ParaVR: Paramedic virtual reality training simulator. International Conference on Cyberworlds. 10th - 12th May 2019.
Abstract:
ParaVR: Paramedic virtual reality training simulator
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Harvey R, Muncey A, Vaughan N (2018). Associating colours with emotions detected in social media tweets. Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB) Convention 2018.
Abstract:
Associating colours with emotions detected in social media tweets
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Vaughan N, Mulvenna M, Bond RB (2018). Colour Coded Emotion Classification in Mental Health Social Media. 32nd Human Computer Interaction (HCI) Conference. 2nd - 6th Jul 2018.
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Colour Coded Emotion Classification in Mental Health Social Media
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Vaughan N (2018). Evolution of Neural Networks for Physically Simulated Evolved Virtual Quadruped Creatures. International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems (Living Machines). 17th - 20th Jul 2018.
Abstract:
Evolution of Neural Networks for Physically Simulated Evolved Virtual Quadruped Creatures
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Vaughan N (2018). Evolutionary robot swarm cooperative retrieval. Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems (Living Machines). 17th - 20th Jul 2018.
Abstract:
Evolutionary robot swarm cooperative retrieval
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Wolfenden A, Vaughan N (2018). How effective is ant colony optimisation at robot path planning. Symposium on Social Interactions in Complex Intelligent Systems (SICIS), Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB2018). 4th - 6th Apr 2018.
Abstract:
How effective is ant colony optimisation at robot path planning
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Vaughan N (2018). Morphogenetic engineering for evolving ant colony pheromone communication. Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour (AISB2018). 4th - 6th Apr 2018.
Abstract:
Morphogenetic engineering for evolving ant colony pheromone communication
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Vaughan N (2018). Multi-agent reinforcement learning for swarm retrieval with evolving neural network. Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems.
Abstract:
Multi-agent reinforcement learning for swarm retrieval with evolving neural network
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Vaughan N (2018). Swarm Communication by Evolutionary Algorithms. 2018 IEEE Conference on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems (IEEE EAIS). 25th - 27th May 2018.
Abstract:
Swarm Communication by Evolutionary Algorithms
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Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Hickish T, Cole J (2017). A Smart Device to Substitute the Neurothesiometer. Volume 3: 19th International Conference on Advanced Vehicle Technologies; 14th International Conference on Design Education; 10th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices. 6th - 9th Aug 2017.
Abstract:
A Smart Device to Substitute the Neurothesiometer
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Vaughan N, Dubey VN (2017). Interpreting Ultrasound Images for Accurate Epidural Needle Insertion. 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. 10th - 13th Apr 2017.
Abstract:
Interpreting Ultrasound Images for Accurate Epidural Needle Insertion
Abstract.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN (2017). Monitoring Rehabilitation Parameters in Stroke Patients. International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE 2017). 6th - 9th Aug 2017.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN (2017). Virtual Hip Replacement Simulator for 3D Printed Implants. 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. 10th - 13th Apr 2017.
Abstract:
Virtual Hip Replacement Simulator for 3D Printed Implants
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Vaughan N, Dubey VN (2016). Hip Replacement Simulator for Predicting Dislocation Risk. International Design Engineering Technical Conferences (IDETC) and 36th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE). 21st - 24th Aug 2016.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2016). Mechanism for Adaptive Virtual Reality Feedback. Design of Medical Devices (DMD). 11th - 14th Apr 2016.
Abstract:
Mechanism for Adaptive Virtual Reality Feedback
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Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Hickish T, Cole J (2016). Peripheral Neuropathy Point-Of-Care Testing (POCT) with Smartphone App. ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences (IDETC) and 9th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference (BIOMED). 21st - 24th Aug 2016.
Abstract:
Peripheral Neuropathy Point-Of-Care Testing (POCT) with Smartphone App
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Vaughan N (2016). Visual navigation in simulated pigeons.
Abstract:
Visual navigation in simulated pigeons
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Vaughan N (2016). Visual navigation in simulated pigeons. Artificial Life 2016. 4th - 6th Jul 2016.
Abstract:
Visual navigation in simulated pigeons
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Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2015). Body Shape and Size Modelling Using Regression Analysis and Neural Network Prediction. ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 17th - 20th Aug 2014.
Abstract:
Body Shape and Size Modelling Using Regression Analysis and Neural Network Prediction
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Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wainwright TW, Middleton RG (2015). Can virtual-reality simulators assess experience and skill level of orthopaedic surgeons?. 2015 IEEE Science and Information Conference (SAI). 28th - 30th Jul 2015.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wainwright TW, Middleton RG (2015). Does virtual-reality training on orthopaedic simulators improve performance in the operating room?. 2015 IEEE Science and Information Conference (SAI). 28th - 30th Jul 2015.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2015). Spine Flexion and Extension Model for Epidural Simulator. ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 17th - 20th Aug 2014.
Abstract:
Spine Flexion and Extension Model for Epidural Simulator
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Vaughan N, Dubey VN (2015). Surface Mesh Density Extraction of Orthopedic Magnetic Resonance Image with Hue Saturation Value Filtering. Design of Medical Devices. 1st - 1st Apr 2015.
Vaughan N (2015). Swapping algorithm and meta-heuristic solutions for combinatorial optimization n-queens problem. 2015 IEEE Science and Information Conference (SAI). 28th - 30th Jul 2015.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Artificial Neural Network to Predict Patient Body Circumferences and Ligament Thicknesses. ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 4th - 7th Aug 2013.
Abstract:
Artificial Neural Network to Predict Patient Body Circumferences and Ligament Thicknesses
Abstract.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Epidural Pressure Measurements from Various BMI Obstetric Patients. Design of Medical Devices. 1st - 1st Apr 2014.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Heterogeneous Tissue Layer Deformation with Haptic Feedback. ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 4th - 7th Aug 2013.
Abstract:
Heterogeneous Tissue Layer Deformation with Haptic Feedback
Abstract.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). In-Vivo Obstetric Pressure Measurements for Patient-Specific Epidural Simulator. Volume 1A: 34th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). In-vivo obstetric pressure measurements for patient-specific epidural simulator. Proceedings of the ASME 2014 Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 17th - 20th Aug 2014.
Abstract:
In-vivo obstetric pressure measurements for patient-specific epidural simulator
Abstract.
Isaacs R, Wee M, Parker B, Dubey V, Vaughan N (2014). Measurement of epidural insertion pressures in labouring women of varying body mass indices and imaging of the lumbar spine to develop a high-fidelity epidural simulator for training. Obstetric Anaesthesia 2013. 23rd - 24th May 2014.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Synthetic Methods for Ultrasound-Guided Epidural Insertion Simulation. Design of Medical Devices.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2014). Video Tracking of Tuohy Needle for an Enhanced Epidural Simulator User Interface. ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 4th - 7th Aug 2013.
Abstract:
Video Tracking of Tuohy Needle for an Enhanced Epidural Simulator User Interface
Abstract.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2013). Haptic Interface on Measured Data for Epidural Simulation. ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 12th - 15th Aug 2012.
Abstract:
Haptic Interface on Measured Data for Epidural Simulation
Abstract.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2013). Virtual Reality Based Enhanced Visualization of Epidural Insertion. ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 12th - 15th Aug 2012.
Abstract:
Virtual Reality Based Enhanced Visualization of Epidural Insertion
Abstract.
Vaughan N, Dubey VN, Wee MYK, Isaacs R (2012). Epidural needle length measurement by video processing. IET Conference on Image Processing (IPR 2012).