Journal articles
Heaton J, Day J, Britten N (In Press). Collaborative research and the co-production of knowledge: an illustrative case study of knowledge translation. Implementation Science, 11(20).
Heaton J, Day J, Britten N (In Press). Inside the "black box" of a knowledge translation program in applied health research.
Qualitative Health ResearchAbstract:
Inside the "black box" of a knowledge translation program in applied health research
In this article we present the findings of a participatory realistic evaluation of a five-year program of healthcare research intended to promote the translation of knowledge into routine clinical practice. The program was one of nine pilot Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care funded by the English National Institute for Health Research between 2008-2013. Our aim was to delineate the mechanisms by which, and circumstances in which, some projects carried out under the program achieved success in knowledge translation while others were frustrated. Using qualitative methods, we examined how closer collaboration between academics and clinicians worked in four purposefully chosen case studies. In a synthesis of the findings, we produced a “black box” model of how knowledge translation was enabled by the activation of nine mechanisms. These are summarized in the form of five simple rules for promoting knowledge translation through collaborations based on principles of coproduction.
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Goodwin V, Allan L, Bethel A, Cowley A, Cross J, Day J, Drummond A, Howard M, Morley N, Thompson Coon J, et al (In Press). Rehabilitation to enable recovery from COVID-19: a rapid systematic review. Physiotherapy
Parker H, Frost J, Day J, Bethune R, Kajamaa A, Hand K, Robinson S, Mattick K (2022). Tipping the balance: a systematic review and meta-ethnography to unfold the complexity of surgical antimicrobial prescribing behavior in hospital settings.
PLoS One,
17(7).
Abstract:
Tipping the balance: a systematic review and meta-ethnography to unfold the complexity of surgical antimicrobial prescribing behavior in hospital settings.
Surgical specialties account for a high proportion of antimicrobial use in hospitals, and misuse has been widely reported resulting in unnecessary patient harm and antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to synthesize qualitative studies on surgical antimicrobial prescribing behavior, in hospital settings, to explain how and why contextual factors act and interact to influence practice. Stakeholder engagement was integrated throughout to ensure consideration of varying interpretive repertoires and that the findings were clinically meaningful. The meta-ethnography followed the seven phases outlined by Noblit and Hare. Eight databases were systematically searched without date restrictions. Supplementary searches were performed including forwards and backwards citation chasing and contacting first authors of included papers to highlight further work. Following screening, 14 papers were included in the meta-ethnography. Repeated reading of this work enabled identification of 48 concepts and subsequently eight overarching concepts: hierarchy; fear drives action; deprioritized; convention trumps evidence; complex judgments; discontinuity of care; team dynamics; and practice environment. The overarching concepts interacted to varying degrees but there was no consensus among stakeholders regarding an order of importance. Further abstraction of the overarching concepts led to the development of a conceptual model and a line-of-argument synthesis, which posits that social and structural mediators influence individual complex antimicrobial judgements and currently skew practice towards increased and unnecessary antimicrobial use. Crucially, our model provides insights into how we might 'tip the balance' towards more evidence-based antimicrobial use. Currently, healthcare workers deploy antimicrobials across the surgical pathway as a safety net to allay fears, reduce uncertainty and risk, and to mitigate against personal blame. Our synthesis indicates that prescribing is unlikely to change until the social and structural mediators driving practice are addressed. Furthermore, it suggests that research specifically exploring the context for effective and sustainable quality improvement stewardship initiatives in surgery is now urgent.
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Wilkinson K, Day J, Thompson-Coon J, Goodwin V, Liabo K, Coxon G, Cox G, Marriott C, Lang IA (2021). A realist evaluation of a collaborative model to support research co-production in long-term care settings in England: the ExCHANGE protocol.
Res Involv Engagem,
7(1).
Abstract:
A realist evaluation of a collaborative model to support research co-production in long-term care settings in England: the ExCHANGE protocol.
BACKGROUND: Collaborative working between academic institutions and those who provide health and social care has been identified as integral in order to produce acceptable, relevant, and timely research, and for outputs to be useful and practical to implement. The ExCHANGE Collaboration aims to bring together researchers and people working, living in and visiting care homes to build capacity, share and mobilise knowledge, and identify key areas for future research. This paper describes an embedded, formative, realist and theory-driven evaluation which aims to gather information about how successful the ExCHANGE Collaboration is perceived to be in achieving its aims. An existing realist programme theory from the literature - Closer Collaboration - will be supplemented by two substantive theories: Co-production and Knowledge Brokering. This will result in an initial programme theory which will be tested by this formative evaluation to refine understanding of how the ExCHANGE Collaboration works. METHODS: the evaluation will employ mixed qualitative methods, including: analysis of documents such as feedback forms, Knowledge Broker journal/diary, event attendance records, risk and issues logs and other relevant paperwork gathered as part of project delivery; observations of events/activities; and interviews with care home providers and staff, care home residents, residents' family members, and researchers who are involved in the project (both project design/delivery, and also attendance or involvement in project activities/events). Framework Analysis will be used to interpret the data collected; analysis will be strategic, by focusing on particular key areas of importance in the developing theory of how the ExCHANGE Collaboration might achieve change. RESULTS: the results of this study are expected to be published in 2022. DISCUSSION: This evaluation will investigate how successful the ExCHANGE Collaboration is perceived to be in achieving its aims, in what way, in which contexts, and how this may differ for those involved. It will do this by testing an initial programme theory about how the collaboration works, for whom, under which circumstances, and in what way. Findings will be shared through written publication, an end of project learning event for those involved/interested in the project, and a lay summary to be made publically available.
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Massey L, Day J, Bethune R, Lang I (2021). EP.FRI.949 “When it works, it works brilliantly…. on the days that it doesn’t work, it tends to just all kind of crumble” – a qualitative study of patient and staff experience of ambulatory care on the surgical assessment unit. British Journal of Surgery, 108(Supplement_7).
Day J, Dean SG, Reed N, Hazell J, Lang I (2020). Knowledge needs and use in long‐term care homes for older people: a qualitative interview study of managers’ views. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(2), 592-601.
Warmoth K, Day J, Cockcroft E, Reed DN, Pollock L, Coxon G, Heneker J, Walton B, Stein K (2020). Understanding Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Implementing Deprescribing for Older People Living in Long-term Residential Care Homes: the STOPPING Study Protocol.
Abstract:
Understanding Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Implementing Deprescribing for Older People Living in Long-term Residential Care Homes: the STOPPING Study Protocol
Abstract
. Background: Older people with multimorbidity often experience polypharmacy. Taking multiple medicines can be beneficial; however, some older adults are prescribed multiple medicines when they are unlikely to improve clinical outcomes and may lead to harm. Deprescribing means reducing or stopping prescription medicines which may no longer be providing benefit. While appropriate deprescribing may usually be safely undertaken, there is a lack of guidance about how to implement it in practice settings such as care homes. Implementing deprescribing in care homes is often challenging, due to differing concerns of residents, staff, clinicians, friends/family members and carers along with differences in care home structures. The STOPPING study will support the development of better deprescribing practice in care homes, considering different views and environments. This paper aims to introduce the research protocol. Methods: We will use qualitative approaches informed by the widely accepted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to aid analysis. To understand the barriers, facilitators and contextual factors influencing deprescribing in care homes, we will employ individual interviews with care home residents and family members, focus groups with care home staff and healthcare professionals, and observations from care homes. Then, we will examine acceptability, feasibility, and suitability of existing deprescribing approaches using cognitive interviews with care home staff and healthcare professionals. Lastly, we will use narrative synthesis to integrate findings and develop guidance for implementing a deprescribing approach for care homes.Discussion: This research will support the development of implementable approaches to deprescribing in care homes. The insights from this project will be shared with various stakeholders: care home residents, staff, pharmacists, general practitioners, nurses, and other health professionals, carers, researchers, and the public. This work will support deprescribing to be implemented effectively in care homes to benefit residents and the wider health economy.
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Warmoth K, Day J, Cockcroft E, Reed DN, Pollock L, Coxon G, Heneker J, Walton B, Stein K (2020). Understanding stakeholders’ perspectives on implementing deprescribing for older people living in long-term residential care homes: the STOPPING study protocol.
Implementation Science Communications,
1(1).
Abstract:
Understanding stakeholders’ perspectives on implementing deprescribing for older people living in long-term residential care homes: the STOPPING study protocol
Abstract
Background
Older people with multimorbidity often experience polypharmacy. Taking multiple medicines can be beneficial; however, some older adults are prescribed multiple medicines when they are unlikely to improve clinical outcomes and may lead to harm. Deprescribing means reducing or stopping prescription medicines which may no longer be providing benefit. While appropriate deprescribing may usually be safely undertaken, there is a lack of guidance about how to implement it in practice settings such as care homes. Implementing deprescribing in care homes is often challenging, due to differing concerns of residents, staff, clinicians, friends/family members and carers along with differences in care home structures. The STOPPING study will support the development of better deprescribing practice in care homes, considering different views and environments. This paper aims to introduce the research protocol.
Methods
We will use qualitative approaches informed by the widely accepted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to aid analysis. To understand the barriers, facilitators, and contextual factors influencing deprescribing in care homes, we will employ individual interviews with care home residents and family members, focus groups with care home staff and healthcare professionals, and observations from care homes. Then, we will examine acceptability, feasibility, and suitability of existing deprescribing approaches using cognitive interviews with care home staff and healthcare professionals. Lastly, we will use narrative synthesis to integrate findings and develop guidance for implementing a deprescribing approach for care homes.
Discussion
This research will support the development of implementable approaches to deprescribing in care homes. The insights from this project will be shared with various stakeholders: care home residents, staff, pharmacists, general practitioners, nurses, and other health professionals, carers, researchers, and the public. This work will support deprescribing to be implemented effectively in care homes to benefit residents and the wider health economy.
Abstract.
Lang IA, Ronquillo C, Day J, Britten N, Stein KWT, Warmoth KM (2018). An Implementation Science Perspective on Deprescribing. Public Policy & Aging Report, 28, 134-139.
Manzi S, Chalk D, Day J, Pearson M, Lang I, Stein K, Pitt M (2017). A novel modelling and simulation capacity development initiative for the National Health Service. BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning, 4(2), 97-98.
Kieft E, Day J, McArdle P, Byng R, Goodwin V (2017). Bridging the second gap in translation: a case study of barriers and facilitators to implementing Patient-initiated Clinics into secondary care. European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare, 5, 129-137.
Sparkes AC, Day J (2016). Aging bodies and desistance from crime: Insights from the life stories of offenders.
J Aging Stud,
36, 47-58.
Abstract:
Aging bodies and desistance from crime: Insights from the life stories of offenders.
The processes involved in the transition from crime to desistance, in relation to how those involved in criminal activity give meaning to their experiences of aging over time, has received little empirical scrutiny in the criminological literature. In this article, we unpack and flesh out the multiple meanings of age by drawing on a life story study of desistance from crime. Our analysis foregrounds the following key themes and the interactive parts they play in the process of desistence: general perceptions of aging (critical ages and the ambiguity of age); the significance of the aging body (crime as a young person's game, tiredness, and slowing down); age and risk assessment; and feelings of missing out and lost time with age. We conclude by suggesting that researchers into the phenomenon of desistance with an interest in maturation theory might benefit from integrating work undertaken in the sociology of embodiment and critical gerontology. A brief example of how this integration might operate is provided.
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Author URL.
Day J, Heaton J, Britten N (2016). What is the nature and value of a risk management tool in a large-scale complex programme of collaborative applied health research?.
Health, Risk and Society,
18(1-2), 97-113.
Abstract:
What is the nature and value of a risk management tool in a large-scale complex programme of collaborative applied health research?
In this article we examine a risk management tool that was used in a pilot programme of applied health research in the south-west of England funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). During a wider internal evaluation of the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care for the South West Peninsula, we became interested in how risk was being defined and managed in the programme. Our search of the empirical literature showed that little attention had been given to risk governance within large-scale organisational change programmes in the health field. Through analysis of official documents and interviews with senior managers, we examined the nature and the value of the risk tool that was used by the programme managers. This highlighted that the programme was believed to be a ‘relatively risky’ initiative that required active management. The senior managers developed a risk tool for this purpose, which was regularly used throughout the pilot. It was perceived to have value in three main ways – providing assurance to members of the collaboration, responsiveness to the wider context and acceptability as part of routine programme implementation. Our analysis also highlighted intentional risk-taking within a complex partnership programme that sought to facilitate the translation of evidence into everyday practice. We discuss the implications of our insights for the further development of risk tools and the potential value of ‘edgework’ as a theoretical framework to inform further research of risk management in complex programmes.
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Burrowes N, Day J (2011). Offender experiences and opinions of mixed-gender group work in the community: a qualitative study. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(7), 1154-1165.
Day J (2001). Understanding the characteristics of fire-setters. Prison Service Journal, 133, 6-8.
Conferences
Coon JT, Abbott R, Coxon G, Day J, Lang I, Lourida I, Pearson M, Reed N, Rogers M, Stein K, et al (2016). OP68 Implementing and disseminating best practice in the care home setting: a systematic scoping review.
Manzi S, Chalk D, Pearson M, Day J, Stein K, Lang I, Pitt M (2016). Opening the black box: Combining agent based simulation and realism in intervention development.
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Opening the black box: Combining agent based simulation and realism in intervention development
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Day J (2014). Leaving a criminal lifestyle: a journey from ‘what works’ to ‘how it works’. Invited speaker at British Psychology Society South West Psychology in the Pub.
Day J, Sparkes AC (2014). ‘When you stop you’ve got no identity’: the (re)construction of narrative identity and the implications for understanding desistance from crime. Troubling Narratives: Identity Matters.
Day J, Sparkes AC (2013). Insights from a narrative study of the rehabilitative role of physical activity in leaving a criminal life and enhancing well-being. British Psychological Society Division of Sport and Exercise Psychology.
Day J, Sparkes AC (2011). Sporting criminal to sporting citizen: Embodied identity change and the rehabilitative role of physical activity. Annual Congress of European College of Sport Science.
Day J, Sparkes AC (2010). A criminal life transformed: Reflections on an inter-disciplinary qualitative inquiry. International Qualitative Research Conference.
Day J, Bloomfield S (2008). Critical factors of the effective implementation of offending behaviour programmes: a review and implications. European Association of Psychology and Law conference.
