Publications by category
Journal articles
Garrett J, Donald PF, Gaston KJ (In Press). Skyglow extends into the world’s Key Biodiversity Areas. Animal Conservation
Marks E, Atkins E, Garrett JK, Abrams JF, Shackleton D, Hennessy L, Mayall EE, Bennett J, Leach I (2023). Stories of hope created together: a pilot, school-based workshop for sharing eco-emotions and creating an actively hopeful vision of the future. Frontiers in Psychology, 13
Jones L, Anderson S, Læssøe J, Banzhaf E, Jensen A, Bird DN, Miller J, Hutchins MG, Yang J, Garrett J, et al (2022). A typology for urban Green Infrastructure to guide multifunctional planning of nature-based solutions. Nature-Based Solutions, 2, 100041-100041.
Griffiths AGF, Garrett JK, Duffy JP, Matthews K, Visi FG, Eatock C, Robinson M, Griffiths DJ (2021). New Water and Air Pollution Sensors Added to the Sonic Kayak Citizen Science System for Low Cost Environmental Mapping. Journal of Open Hardware, 5(1), 5-5.
Börger T, Campbell D, White MP, Elliott LR, Fleming LE, Garrett JK, Hattam C, Hynes S, Lankia T, Taylor T, et al (2021). The value of blue-space recreation and perceived water quality across Europe: a contingent behaviour study.
Sci Total Environ,
771Abstract:
The value of blue-space recreation and perceived water quality across Europe: a contingent behaviour study.
This study estimates the value of recreational visits to blue-space sites across 14 EU Member States, representing 78% of the Union's population. Across all countries surveyed, respondents made an average of 47 blue-space visits per person per year. Employing travel cost and contingent behaviour methods, the value of a visit is estimated at €41.32 which adds up to a recreational value of €631bn per year for the total adult population surveyed. Using the Bathing Water Directive's water quality designation, the analysis shows that a one-level improvement in water quality leads to 3.13 more visits (+6.67%), whereas a one-level deterioration leads to 9.77 fewer annual visits (-20.83%). This study provides valuations of benefits of recreation and changes of recreational values due to changes in surface water quality, which can be compared to the implementation and monitoring costs of efforts under the EU's Bathing Water, Water Framework and Marine Strategy Framework Directives.
Abstract.
Author URL.
van den Bogerd N, Elliott LR, White MP, Mishra HS, Bell S, Porter M, Sydenham Z, Garrett JK, Fleming LE (2021). Urban blue space renovation and local resident and visitor well-being: a case study from Plymouth, UK.
Landscape and Urban Planning,
215Abstract:
Urban blue space renovation and local resident and visitor well-being: a case study from Plymouth, UK
Observational studies have suggested that people with better access to attractive, safe, and inclusive blue spaces enjoy higher psychological well-being, with particular benefits for those living in deprived urban areas. However, intervention studies are scarce. To help bridge this gap we conducted a repeat cross-sectional study exploring local resident and visitor well-being before and after a small-scale intervention aimed at improving the quality of an urban beach area in a deprived neighbourhood in Plymouth, United Kingdom. Physical alterations were co-created with local stakeholders and residents, and accompanied by a series of on-site community events. Key outcomes were self-reported psychological well-being, satisfaction with personal safety and community belonging, and perceptions of site quality. Adjusted linear models showed that positive well-being (B = 7.42; 95% CI = 4.18–10.67) and life satisfaction (B = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.11–0.70) were both higher after the intervention compared to before, with associations for life satisfaction stronger among those who visited the site in the last four weeks. Associations with positive well-being were partially mediated by greater satisfaction with community belonging; and associations with life satisfaction were partially and independently mediated by greater satisfaction with personal safety and community belonging. Although caution needs to be taken due to the repeat cross-sectional design and the sampling of site visitors as well as local residents, the findings support the idea that environmental improvements to urban blue spaces can foster better psychological well-being, and underline the importance of community involvement in the process.
Abstract.
Elliott LR, White MP, Grellier J, Garrett JK, Cirach M, Wheeler BW, Bratman GN, van den Bosch MA, Ojala A, Roiko A, et al (2020). Research Note: Residential distance and recreational visits to coastal and inland blue spaces in eighteen countries. Landscape and Urban Planning, 198, 103800-103800.
Garrett JK, White MP, Elliott LR, Wheeler BW, Fleming LE (2020). Urban nature and physical activity: Investigating associations using self-reported and accelerometer data and the role of household income. Environmental Research, 190, 109899-109899.
Garrett JK, Clitherow TJ, White MP, Wheeler BW, Fleming LE (2019). Coastal proximity and mental health among urban adults in England: the moderating effect of household income.
Health Place,
59Abstract:
Coastal proximity and mental health among urban adults in England: the moderating effect of household income.
After adjusting for covariates, self-reported general health in England is higher among populations living closer to the coast, and the association is strongest amongst more deprived groups. We explored whether similar findings were present for mental health using cross-sectional data for urban adults in the Health Survey for England (2008-2012, N ≥25,963). For urban adults, living ≤1 km from the coast, in comparison to >50 km, was associated with better mental health as measured by the GHQ12. Stratification by household income revealed this was only amongst the lowest-earning households, and extended to ≤5 km. Our findings support the contention that, for urban adults, coastal settings may help to reduce health inequalities in England.
Abstract.
Author URL.
Pasanen TP, White MP, Wheeler BW, Garrett JK, Elliott LR (2019). Neighbourhood blue space, health and wellbeing: the mediating role of different types of physical activity.
Environ Int,
131Abstract:
Neighbourhood blue space, health and wellbeing: the mediating role of different types of physical activity.
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that living near blue spaces such as the coast, lakes and rivers may be good for health and wellbeing. Although greater levels of physical activity (PA) may be a potential mechanism, we know little about the types of PA that might account for this. OBJECTIVES: to explore the mediating role of: a) 'watersports' (e.g. sailing/canoeing); b) 'on-land outdoor PA' in natural/mixed settings (e.g. walking/running/cycling); and, c) 'indoor/other PA' (e.g. gym/squash) in the relationships between residential blue space availability and health outcomes. METHODS: Using data from the Health Survey for England (n = 21,097), we constructed a path model to explore whether weekly volumes of each PA type mediate any of the relationships between residential blue space availability (coastal proximity and presence of freshwater) and self-reported general and mental health, controlling for green space density and a range of socio-economic factors at the individual- and area-level. RESULTS: Supporting predictions, living nearer the coast was associated with better self-reported general and mental health and this was partially mediated by on-land outdoor PA (primarily walking). Watersports were more common among those living within 5kms of the coast, but did not mediate associations between coastal proximity and health. Presence of freshwater in the neighbourhood was associated with better mental health, but this effect was not mediated by PA. CONCLUSIONS: Although nearby blue spaces offer potentially easier access to watersports, relatively few individuals in England engage in them and thus they do not account for positive population health associations. Rather, the benefits to health from coastal living seem, at least in part, due to participation in land-based outdoor activities (especially walking). Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the relationship between freshwater presence and mental health.
Abstract.
Author URL.
Elliott LR, White MP, Sarran C, Grellier J, Garrett JK, Scoccimarro E, Smalley AJ, Fleming LE (2019). The effects of meteorological conditions and daylight on nature-based recreational physical activity in England. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 42, 39-39.
Garrett JK, White MP, Huang J, Ng S, Hui Z, Leung C, Tse LA, Fung F, Elliott LR, Depledge MH, et al (2019). Urban blue space and health and wellbeing in Hong Kong: Results from a survey of older adults.
Health Place,
55, 100-110.
Abstract:
Urban blue space and health and wellbeing in Hong Kong: Results from a survey of older adults.
The potential benefits of aquatic environments for public health have been understudied in Asia. We investigated the relationships between blue space exposures and health outcomes among a sample of predominantly older adults in Hong Kong. Those with a view of blue space from the home were more likely to report good general health, while intentional exposure was linked to greater odds of high wellbeing. Visiting blue space regularly was more likely for those within a 10-15 min walk, and who believed visit locations had good facilities and wildlife present. Longer blue space visits, and those involving higher intensity activities, were associated with higher recalled wellbeing. Our evidence suggests that, at least for older citizens, Hong Kong's blue spaces could be an important public health resource.
Abstract.
Author URL.
Gaston KJ, Soga M, Duffy JP, Garrett JK, Gaston S, Cox DTC (2018). Personalised Ecology.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution,
33(12), 916-925.
Abstract:
Personalised Ecology
The field of ecology has focused on understanding characteristics of natural systems in a manner as free as possible from biases of human observers. However, demand is growing for knowledge of human–nature interactions at the level of individual people. This is particularly driven by concerns around human health consequences due to changes in positive and negative interactions. This requires attention to the biased ways in which people encounter and experience other organisms. Here we define such a ‘personalised ecology’ and discuss its connections to other aspects of the field. We propose a framework of focal research topics, shaped by whether the unit of analysis is a single person, a single population, or multiple populations, and whether a human or nature perspective is foremost.
Abstract.
Walsh J, Bashir I, Garrett JK, Thies PR, Blondel P, Johanning L (2017). Monitoring the condition of Marine Renewable Energy Devices through underwater Acoustic Emissions: Case study of a Wave Energy Converter in Falmouth Bay, UK. Renewable Energy, 102, 205-213.
Griffiths AGF, Kemp KM, Matthews K, Garrett JK, Griffiths DJ (2017). Sonic Kayaks: Environmental monitoring and experimental music by citizens. PLOS Biology, 15(11), e2004044-e2004044.
Garrett JK, Blondel P, Godley BJ, Pikesley SK, Witt MJ, Johanning L (2016). Long-term underwater sound measurements in the shipping noise indicator bands 63 Hz and 125 Hz from the port of Falmouth Bay, UK. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 110(1), 438-448.
Chapters
garrett J, witt M, Johanning L (2016). Underwater Sound Levels at a Wave Energy Device Testing Facility in Falmouth Bay, UK. In Popper AN, Hawkins A (Eds.)
The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II, online: Springer Link, 331-339.
Abstract:
Underwater Sound Levels at a Wave Energy Device Testing Facility in Falmouth Bay, UK
Abstract.
Conferences
Garrett J, Wheeler B, Akbari A, Fry R, Geary R, Lovell R, Lyons RA, Mizen A, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Rowney F, et al (2021). Association between greenspace and time spent in nature with subjective wellbeing: a cross-sectional data linkage study.
Author URL.
Thompson DA, Fry R, Watkins A, Mizen A, Akbari A, Garrett J, Geary R, Lovell R, Lyons RA, Nieuwenhuijsen M, et al (2021). Exposure to green-blue spaces and mental health: a retrospective e-cohort study in Wales.
Author URL.
Publications by year
In Press
Garrett J, Donald PF, Gaston KJ (In Press). Skyglow extends into the world’s Key Biodiversity Areas. Animal Conservation
2023
Marks E, Atkins E, Garrett JK, Abrams JF, Shackleton D, Hennessy L, Mayall EE, Bennett J, Leach I (2023). Stories of hope created together: a pilot, school-based workshop for sharing eco-emotions and creating an actively hopeful vision of the future. Frontiers in Psychology, 13
2022
Jones L, Anderson S, Læssøe J, Banzhaf E, Jensen A, Bird DN, Miller J, Hutchins MG, Yang J, Garrett J, et al (2022). A typology for urban Green Infrastructure to guide multifunctional planning of nature-based solutions. Nature-Based Solutions, 2, 100041-100041.
2021
Garrett J, Wheeler B, Akbari A, Fry R, Geary R, Lovell R, Lyons RA, Mizen A, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Rowney F, et al (2021). Association between greenspace and time spent in nature with subjective wellbeing: a cross-sectional data linkage study.
Author URL.
Thompson DA, Fry R, Watkins A, Mizen A, Akbari A, Garrett J, Geary R, Lovell R, Lyons RA, Nieuwenhuijsen M, et al (2021). Exposure to green-blue spaces and mental health: a retrospective e-cohort study in Wales.
Author URL.
Griffiths AGF, Garrett JK, Duffy JP, Matthews K, Visi FG, Eatock C, Robinson M, Griffiths DJ (2021). New Water and Air Pollution Sensors Added to the Sonic Kayak Citizen Science System for Low Cost Environmental Mapping. Journal of Open Hardware, 5(1), 5-5.
Börger T, Campbell D, White MP, Elliott LR, Fleming LE, Garrett JK, Hattam C, Hynes S, Lankia T, Taylor T, et al (2021). The value of blue-space recreation and perceived water quality across Europe: a contingent behaviour study.
Sci Total Environ,
771Abstract:
The value of blue-space recreation and perceived water quality across Europe: a contingent behaviour study.
This study estimates the value of recreational visits to blue-space sites across 14 EU Member States, representing 78% of the Union's population. Across all countries surveyed, respondents made an average of 47 blue-space visits per person per year. Employing travel cost and contingent behaviour methods, the value of a visit is estimated at €41.32 which adds up to a recreational value of €631bn per year for the total adult population surveyed. Using the Bathing Water Directive's water quality designation, the analysis shows that a one-level improvement in water quality leads to 3.13 more visits (+6.67%), whereas a one-level deterioration leads to 9.77 fewer annual visits (-20.83%). This study provides valuations of benefits of recreation and changes of recreational values due to changes in surface water quality, which can be compared to the implementation and monitoring costs of efforts under the EU's Bathing Water, Water Framework and Marine Strategy Framework Directives.
Abstract.
Author URL.
van den Bogerd N, Elliott LR, White MP, Mishra HS, Bell S, Porter M, Sydenham Z, Garrett JK, Fleming LE (2021). Urban blue space renovation and local resident and visitor well-being: a case study from Plymouth, UK.
Landscape and Urban Planning,
215Abstract:
Urban blue space renovation and local resident and visitor well-being: a case study from Plymouth, UK
Observational studies have suggested that people with better access to attractive, safe, and inclusive blue spaces enjoy higher psychological well-being, with particular benefits for those living in deprived urban areas. However, intervention studies are scarce. To help bridge this gap we conducted a repeat cross-sectional study exploring local resident and visitor well-being before and after a small-scale intervention aimed at improving the quality of an urban beach area in a deprived neighbourhood in Plymouth, United Kingdom. Physical alterations were co-created with local stakeholders and residents, and accompanied by a series of on-site community events. Key outcomes were self-reported psychological well-being, satisfaction with personal safety and community belonging, and perceptions of site quality. Adjusted linear models showed that positive well-being (B = 7.42; 95% CI = 4.18–10.67) and life satisfaction (B = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.11–0.70) were both higher after the intervention compared to before, with associations for life satisfaction stronger among those who visited the site in the last four weeks. Associations with positive well-being were partially mediated by greater satisfaction with community belonging; and associations with life satisfaction were partially and independently mediated by greater satisfaction with personal safety and community belonging. Although caution needs to be taken due to the repeat cross-sectional design and the sampling of site visitors as well as local residents, the findings support the idea that environmental improvements to urban blue spaces can foster better psychological well-being, and underline the importance of community involvement in the process.
Abstract.
2020
Griffiths AG, Garrett JK, Duffy JP, Matthews K, Visi FG, Eatock C, Robinson M, Griffiths DJ (2020). New water and air pollution sensors added to the Sonic Kayak citizen science system for low cost environmental mapping.
Elliott LR, White MP, Grellier J, Garrett JK, Cirach M, Wheeler BW, Bratman GN, van den Bosch MA, Ojala A, Roiko A, et al (2020). Research Note: Residential distance and recreational visits to coastal and inland blue spaces in eighteen countries. Landscape and Urban Planning, 198, 103800-103800.
Garrett JK, White MP, Elliott LR, Wheeler BW, Fleming LE (2020). Urban nature and physical activity: Investigating associations using self-reported and accelerometer data and the role of household income. Environmental Research, 190, 109899-109899.
2019
Garrett JK, Clitherow TJ, White MP, Wheeler BW, Fleming LE (2019). Coastal proximity and mental health among urban adults in England: the moderating effect of household income.
Health Place,
59Abstract:
Coastal proximity and mental health among urban adults in England: the moderating effect of household income.
After adjusting for covariates, self-reported general health in England is higher among populations living closer to the coast, and the association is strongest amongst more deprived groups. We explored whether similar findings were present for mental health using cross-sectional data for urban adults in the Health Survey for England (2008-2012, N ≥25,963). For urban adults, living ≤1 km from the coast, in comparison to >50 km, was associated with better mental health as measured by the GHQ12. Stratification by household income revealed this was only amongst the lowest-earning households, and extended to ≤5 km. Our findings support the contention that, for urban adults, coastal settings may help to reduce health inequalities in England.
Abstract.
Author URL.
Pasanen TP, White MP, Wheeler BW, Garrett JK, Elliott LR (2019). Neighbourhood blue space, health and wellbeing: the mediating role of different types of physical activity.
Environ Int,
131Abstract:
Neighbourhood blue space, health and wellbeing: the mediating role of different types of physical activity.
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that living near blue spaces such as the coast, lakes and rivers may be good for health and wellbeing. Although greater levels of physical activity (PA) may be a potential mechanism, we know little about the types of PA that might account for this. OBJECTIVES: to explore the mediating role of: a) 'watersports' (e.g. sailing/canoeing); b) 'on-land outdoor PA' in natural/mixed settings (e.g. walking/running/cycling); and, c) 'indoor/other PA' (e.g. gym/squash) in the relationships between residential blue space availability and health outcomes. METHODS: Using data from the Health Survey for England (n = 21,097), we constructed a path model to explore whether weekly volumes of each PA type mediate any of the relationships between residential blue space availability (coastal proximity and presence of freshwater) and self-reported general and mental health, controlling for green space density and a range of socio-economic factors at the individual- and area-level. RESULTS: Supporting predictions, living nearer the coast was associated with better self-reported general and mental health and this was partially mediated by on-land outdoor PA (primarily walking). Watersports were more common among those living within 5kms of the coast, but did not mediate associations between coastal proximity and health. Presence of freshwater in the neighbourhood was associated with better mental health, but this effect was not mediated by PA. CONCLUSIONS: Although nearby blue spaces offer potentially easier access to watersports, relatively few individuals in England engage in them and thus they do not account for positive population health associations. Rather, the benefits to health from coastal living seem, at least in part, due to participation in land-based outdoor activities (especially walking). Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the relationship between freshwater presence and mental health.
Abstract.
Author URL.
Elliott LR, White MP, Sarran C, Grellier J, Garrett JK, Scoccimarro E, Smalley AJ, Fleming LE (2019). The effects of meteorological conditions and daylight on nature-based recreational physical activity in England. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 42, 39-39.
Garrett JK, White MP, Huang J, Ng S, Hui Z, Leung C, Tse LA, Fung F, Elliott LR, Depledge MH, et al (2019). Urban blue space and health and wellbeing in Hong Kong: Results from a survey of older adults.
Health Place,
55, 100-110.
Abstract:
Urban blue space and health and wellbeing in Hong Kong: Results from a survey of older adults.
The potential benefits of aquatic environments for public health have been understudied in Asia. We investigated the relationships between blue space exposures and health outcomes among a sample of predominantly older adults in Hong Kong. Those with a view of blue space from the home were more likely to report good general health, while intentional exposure was linked to greater odds of high wellbeing. Visiting blue space regularly was more likely for those within a 10-15 min walk, and who believed visit locations had good facilities and wildlife present. Longer blue space visits, and those involving higher intensity activities, were associated with higher recalled wellbeing. Our evidence suggests that, at least for older citizens, Hong Kong's blue spaces could be an important public health resource.
Abstract.
Author URL.
2018
Gaston KJ, Soga M, Duffy JP, Garrett JK, Gaston S, Cox DTC (2018). Personalised Ecology.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution,
33(12), 916-925.
Abstract:
Personalised Ecology
The field of ecology has focused on understanding characteristics of natural systems in a manner as free as possible from biases of human observers. However, demand is growing for knowledge of human–nature interactions at the level of individual people. This is particularly driven by concerns around human health consequences due to changes in positive and negative interactions. This requires attention to the biased ways in which people encounter and experience other organisms. Here we define such a ‘personalised ecology’ and discuss its connections to other aspects of the field. We propose a framework of focal research topics, shaped by whether the unit of analysis is a single person, a single population, or multiple populations, and whether a human or nature perspective is foremost.
Abstract.
2017
Walsh J, Bashir I, Garrett JK, Thies PR, Blondel P, Johanning L (2017). Monitoring the condition of Marine Renewable Energy Devices through underwater Acoustic Emissions: Case study of a Wave Energy Converter in Falmouth Bay, UK. Renewable Energy, 102, 205-213.
Griffiths AG, Kemp KM, Matthews K, Garrett JK, Griffiths DJ (2017). Sonic Kayaks: Environmental monitoring and experimental music by citizens.
Griffiths AGF, Kemp KM, Matthews K, Garrett JK, Griffiths DJ (2017). Sonic Kayaks: Environmental monitoring and experimental music by citizens. PLOS Biology, 15(11), e2004044-e2004044.
2016
Garrett JK, Blondel P, Godley BJ, Pikesley SK, Witt MJ, Johanning L (2016). Long-term underwater sound measurements in the shipping noise indicator bands 63 Hz and 125 Hz from the port of Falmouth Bay, UK. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 110(1), 438-448.
garrett J, witt M, Johanning L (2016). Underwater Sound Levels at a Wave Energy Device Testing Facility in Falmouth Bay, UK. In Popper AN, Hawkins A (Eds.)
The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II, online: Springer Link, 331-339.
Abstract:
Underwater Sound Levels at a Wave Energy Device Testing Facility in Falmouth Bay, UK
Abstract.