Pathology and Image Interpretation 1

Module title	Pathology and Image Interpretation 1
Module code	PAM2014
Academic year	2023/4
Credits	30
Module staff	Dr Fiona Mellor (Lecturer) Dr Myo Myo Aung (Lecturer)

Duration: Term	1	2	3
Duration: Weeks	12	0	7

Number students taking module (anticipated)	65

Description - summary of the module content

Module description

This module builds on PAM1019 Anatomy and Physiology for Radiographers and PAM1007 Practice Placement 1. A variety of learning methods are used to provide you with the opportunity to learn about common pathology encountered in the multi-disciplinary clinical environment and develop musculoskeletal image interpretation skills. This module supports preparation for Stage 3 PAM3019 Pathology and Image Interpretation 2 as well as future practice placement modules.

The second year of the Time for Dementia programme is embedded within the learning and assessment for this module.

Module aims - intentions of the module

This module aims to develop knowledge and understanding of common pathological processes encountered in the contemporary radiology department, together with the radiographic appearances of some pathological processes and injuries. The Society and College of Radiographers 2013 policy for Image Interpretation and Reporting expects graduates to possess the skills to make reliable and accurate decisions on images they acquire and communicate those findings via written preliminary clinical evaluation. You will develop the fundamental skills of decision making and preliminary clinical evaluation required for musculoskeletal image interpretation.

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

ILO: Module-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

1. Describe altered states of anatomy and patho-physiology; central nervous system and appendicular skeleton
2. Explain the basic principles of medical and sociological care in health, disease and trauma
3. Identify and describe normal and abnormal appearances of the appendicular skeleton on projection radiography
4. Demonstrate understanding of the role of imaging in complex patient pathways

ILO: Discipline-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

5. Explore the principles of inter-professional working
6. Use appropriate sources of clinical information to develop own knowledge

ILO: Personal and key skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

7. Manage time and, with limited guidance, prioritise workloads
8. Demonstrate problem-solving skills

Syllabus plan

Whilst the module’s precise content may vary from year to year, an example of an overall structure is as follows:

Disease and trauma, particularly as demonstrated on diagnostic images.
Manifestation and course of disease and trauma processes.
Patient care in disease and trauma.
Appendicular skeleton: joints, associated musculature and other tissues.
Revision of normal anatomy, and common anatomical variants; musculoskeletal.
Practical exercises in image interpretation; appendicular skeleton.
Perception and awareness of error in image interpretation.
Decision making (Red dot, Traffic Light) and Preliminary Clinical Evaluation (PCE) systems.
Descriptive terminology for PCE and reporting.
Professional (SCoR) and regulatory (HCPC) bodies.
Central nervous system
Dynamic and physiologically based imaging
Selection of imaging procedures including use of contrast agents.
Neurological and mental health pathologies.
Patient care pathways.
Care of the vulnerable adult.
Contrast agents and drugs used in imaging and resuscitation.
Pharmacology of contrast agents.
Sociological aspects of health and illness.
Legislation and regulations.
Inter-professional Learning/Working.

Learning and teaching

Learning activities and teaching methods (given in hours of study time)

Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities	Guided independent study	Placement / study abroad
60	240	0

Details of learning activities and teaching methods

Category	Hours of study time	Description
Scheduled learning and teaching activities	42	Lectures, Flipped classrooms
Scheduled learning and teaching activities	18	Practical work, Case Studies, Scenarios
Guided independent study	240	Reading, private study and revision

Assessment

Formative assessment

Form of assessment	Size of the assessment (eg length / duration)	ILOs assessed	Feedback method
6 x RadBench Image Interpretation Tests	One hour per test	3, 6-8	Auto feedback via RadBench
Inter-professional workshops	2 hours	5	Verbal based on participation

Summative assessment (% of credit)

Coursework	Written exams	Practical exams
0	100	0

Details of summative assessment

Form of assessment	% of credit	Size of the assessment (eg length / duration)	ILOs assessed	Feedback method
In Class Image Interpretation Test	25	1 hour	3, 6-8	Marks returned and discussed in tutorials
Image Interpretation Examination	25	1 hour	3, 6-8	iExeter and ELE
Pathology Examination (seen)	50	2 hours	1,2,4, 6-8	iExeter and ELE
	0
	0
	0

Re-assessment

Details of re-assessment (where required by referral or deferral)

Original form of assessment	Form of re-assessment	ILOs re-assessed	Timescale for re-assessment
In Class Image Interpretation Test (25%)	In Class Image Interpretation Test (1 hour)	1 hour	August examination period
Image Interpretation Examination (25%)	Image Interpretation Examination (1 hour)	1 hour	August examination period
Pathology Examination (seen) (50%)	Pathology Examination (seen) (2 hours)	2 hours	August examination period

Re-assessment notes

Please refer to the TQA section on Referral/Deferral: http://as.exeter.ac.uk/academic-policy-standards/tqa-manual/aph/consequenceoffailure/

Resources

Indicative learning resources - Basic reading

Key Reference Texts:

Chan,O. 3^rd edition (2013) ABC of Emergency Radiology. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781118495193 (e-book) or 9780470670934
Eisenberg R.L. and Johnson N.M. (2016), Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology (6^th edition), Mosby, ISBN 9780323353243
Keats, T and Anderson, M. 2012. Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants that may Simulate Disease. 9th ed. Elsevier. ISBN: 9780323073554
Kumar,P & Clark,M. 9^th Edition (2017) Clinical Medicine. Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 9780702066016 (pbk.)
Raby N. (2014), Accident and Emergency Radiology - A Survival Guide (3rd edition), Saunders Ltd, ISBN 9780702042324

Tortora G.J. and Derrickson B. (2017), Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15^th edition), John Wiley, ISBN 9781119382928

Indicative learning resources - Web based and electronic resources

Web based and electronic resources: http://vle.exeter.ac.uk/

Module has an active ELE page

Indicative learning resources - Other resources

Berman L, de Lacey G, Twomey E, Twomey B, Welch T, Eban R. (1985) Reducing errors in the accident department: a simple method using radiographers. BMJ; 290: 421–2.
Brealey S. (2001) Quality assurance in radiographic reporting: a proposed framework. Radiography. Nov 30;7(4):263-70
Health & Care Professions Council. Standards of Proficiency – Radiographers. Available at https://www.hcpc-uk.org/resources/standards/standards-of-proficiency-radiographers/
Kowalczyk N. and Mace J.D. (2017), Radiographic Pathology for Technologists (7^th edition), Mosby, ISBN 9780323675765
The Royal College of Radiologists. Clinical Examinations-FRCR. (2016). Available at https://www.rcr.ac.uk/clinical-radiology/examinations/final-frcr-part-b-examination-0
Royal College of Radiologists and Society and College of Radiographers (2018), The radiological investigation of suspected physical abuse in children, Society and College of Radiographers, Ref No. BFCR(17)4a
Society and College of Radiographers (2013), Preliminary Clinical Evaluation and Clinical Reporting by Radiographers: Policy and Practice Guidance, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 978-1-906225-36-0
Wright,C. & Reeves,P. (2016) Radbench: Developing Image Interpretation Skills. Radiography. P1-6 . http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2015.12.010
Wright,C. & Reeves,P. (2017) Image Interpretation Performance: A Longitudinal Study from Novice to Professional. Radiography. Volume 23, Issue 1, February 2017, e1–e7, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2016.08.006

Key words search

Medical Imaging; Pathology; Diseases; Trauma; Contrast Agent; Mental Health; Image Interpretation; Anatomy

Credit value	30
Module ECTS	15
Module pre-requisites	PAM1019
Module co-requisites	None
NQF level (module)	5
Available as distance learning?	No
Origin date	03/03/2020
Last revision date	17/03/2022