Mitra Tavakoli&refresh | The Medical School

Professor Mitra Tavakoli

Associate Professor in Medicine (E&R)

M.Tavakoli@exeter.ac.uk

+44 (0)1392 403089

Diabetes and Vascular Research Centre NIHR CRF

Overview

Professor Mitra Tavakoli is Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Exeter and is distinguished for her significant contribution for our understanding of the small fibre neuropathy at diabetes and establishing the technique of “Corneal Confocal Microscopy”. Her recent work elucidated the role of intervention for the regeneration of nerves at type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Her earlier work showed for the first time that CCM could be used to quantify early small nerve fibre damage with good sensitivity and specificity. Her ongoing research into understanding the role of novel intervention at rare models of neuropathies, which initiated a new direction of research. In addition, she is widely respected for training scientists across the world. She spearheads new technologies and contributes to the major UK and international collaborations.

Qualifications

2019 Fellowship Higher Education Academy (FHEA)
2016 Member College of Optometrists (MCOptom)
2010 Fellowship, American Academy of Optometry (FAAO)
2009 Fellowship, British Contact Lens Association (FBCLA)
2008 PhD (Medicine), School of Medicine, University of Manchester
2003 MSc, Optometry, University of Bradford
2000 BSc (Hons) (Distinction), Optometry, Mashad University of Medical Sciences

Research group links

Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science

Research

Research interests

The primary focus of my work is based on the assessment of corneal nerve morphology using a relatively new technique of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a valid surrogate endpoint for human diabetic neuropathy and in a range of other peripheral neuropathies.

Based on the contributions my colleagues and I have made to this field, we have pioneered the use of In Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy (IVCCM or CCM) as an ideal non-invasive surrogate marker for diabetic neuropathy (Tavakoli et al. 2010) and a range of other neuropathies including Idiopathic small fibre neuropathy with focusing on Impaired glucose tolerance (Tavakoli et al. 2011), Fabry disease (Tavakoli et al. 2009) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (Tavakoli et al. 2012). In parallel, we showed for the first time a strong correlation between invasive and none-invasive methods of measuring corneal sensitivity in diabetic patients, which also correlated with the severity of neuropathy (Tavakoli et al. 2007). We showed for the first time that CCM could be used to quantify early small nerve fibre damage with good sensitivity and specificity (Tavakoli et al. 2010). Moreover, we have shown that corneal nerve damage assessed using CCM relates to the severity of intraepidermal nerve fibre loss (the gold standard for small fibre damage) in foot skin biopsies (Quattrini et al. 2007; Chen et al. 2015).

Of significant therapeutic potential we have shown that CCM detects nerve fibre regeneration within six months of pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients (Mehra et al. 2007; Tavakoli et al. 2013).

Furthermore, in type 2 diabetes, we have demonstrated an improvement in corneal nerve fibre density after improvement in glycaemic control, blood pressure and lipids (Tavakoli et al. 2011). More recently we showed normalizing HbA1c by extensive glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes improves microvascular complications including neuropathy and nephropathy more effectively than standard care, but not retinopathy (Ishibashi et al. 2019). The critical findings of this study impact the standard care of patients.

In a large scale international collaborative project, we established a normative range for corneal nerve parameters ( Tavakoli et al. 2015). This was a milestone at the development of CCM for Clinical use and now widely applies globally.

One of the latest development in my research was assessing the implementation of this clinical technique and to primary care for screening diabetic neuropathy which has been done for the first time worldwide. In this exciting project that was funded by NIHR, CLAHRC, and Industry (Heidelberg Engineering), we assessed the feasibility and acceptability of CCM for patients and practitioners for screening diabetic neuropathy alongside retinopathy program ( Tavakoli et al. 2016).

Currently, the focus of the research is on investigating the longitudinal changes in corneal nerves in diabetic neuropathy that can be detected earlier by CCM. We also investigate the potential application of CCM in a range of other neuropathies.

This translational research represents a huge leap forward in terms of our ability to diagnose, follow the progression and assess therapeutic response in patients with diabetic neuropathy and other peripheral neuropathies and will have an immediate diagnostic impact on patients but also longer-term implications with the development of a novel surrogate marker for assessing new therapies.

Research projects

The Ophthalmic-Vascular lab at the University of Exeter Medical School provides state-of the art clinical research facility for investigating the structural and functional performance of the neural and microvascular structures as a diagnostic and research based model. These ophthalmic markers uses in a range of systemic and vascular conditions in particular diabetes mellitus.

The lab is based at NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility at Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) building.

Grants

Multinational Collaborative Evaluation of Corneal Confocal Microscopy as a Surrogate Endpoint for the Identification and Prediction of Diabetic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes. Funding body: NIH, Role: PI Manchester, the Consortium’s Topic Expert on the CCM procedure; Duration: 2015-2018
Implementation of Corneal Confocal Microscopy to Primary Care optometry practices for Screening Diabetic Neuropathy. Funding body: CLAHRC-NIHR; Role: PI; Duration: 2014-2015
Developing corneal confocal microscopy of human diabetic neuropathy. Funding Body: JDRF; Role: Co-PI; Duration 2008-2012
Corneal Confocal Microscopy: a non-invasive surrogate for diabetic neuropathy; Funding body: NIH; Role: Co-investigator; Duration: 2008-2013

Publications

Books

Tavakoli M (2022). Diabetic Neuropathy. Abstract.

Journal articles

Tavakoli M (In Press). Ophthalmic Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: a review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Al-Hinnawi A-R, Al-Latayfeh M, Tavakoli M (2023). Innovative Macula Capillaries Plexuses Visualization with OCTA B-Scan Graph Representation: Transforming OCTA B-Scan into OCTA Graph Representation. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, Volume 16, 3477-3491.

Al-Hinnawi A-RM, BaniMustafa A, Al-Latayfeh M, Tavakoli M (2023). Reconstruction and Visualization of 5μm Sectional Coronal Views for Macula Vasculature in OptoVue OCTA. IEEE Access, 11, 28280-28293.

Tavakoli M, Klingelhöfer D, Fadavi H, Groneberg DA (2023). The landscape of global research on diabetic neuropathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14 Abstract.

Pacaud D, Romanchuk KG, Virtanen H, Ferdousi M, Nettel-Aguirre A, Mah JK, Tavakoli M, Zochodne DW, Malik RA (2022). Corneal nerve and nerve conduction abnormalities in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes, 23(8), 1665-1673. Abstract. Author URL.

Carmichael J, Fadavi H, Ishibashi F, Howard S, Boulton AJM, Shore AC, Tavakoli M (2022). Implementation of corneal confocal microscopy for screening and early detection of diabetic neuropathy in primary care alongside retinopathy screening: Results from a feasibility study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13 Abstract.

Ishibashi F, Kosaka A, Tavakoli M (2022). Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Protects Against Diabetic Neuropathy and Nephropathy in Modestly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: Follow-Up Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13

Carmichael J, Fadavi H, Ishibashi F, Shore AC, Tavakoli M (2021). Advances in Screening, Early Diagnosis and Accurate Staging of Diabetic Neuropathy. FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY, 12 Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Petropoulos IN, Malik RA (2021). Assessing corneal nerve structure and function in diabetic neuropathy. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 95(3), 338-347.

Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Lewis EJH, Bril V, Ferdousi M, Orszag A, Edwards K, Pritchard N, Russell A, Dehghani C, et al (2021). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Predicts the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy: a Longitudinal Diagnostic Multinational Consortium Study. Diabetes Care, 44(9), 2107-2114. Abstract. Author URL.

Celiker H, Erekul G, Turhan SA, Kokar S, Yavuz DG, Gunduz OH, Tavakoli M, Toker E (2021). Early detection of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without microalbuminuria in the absence of peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy. J Fr Ophtalmol, 44(4), 485-493. Abstract. Author URL.

Ando A, Miyamoto M, Saito N, Kotani K, Kamiya H, Ishibashi S, Tavakoli M (2021). Small Fibre Neuropathy is Associated with Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and endothelial dysfunction are prevalent complications of diabetes mellitus. Currently, there are two non-invasive markers for endothelial dysfunction: flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). However, the relationship between diabetic small fibre neuropathy and macroangiopathy remains obscure thus far. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) has emerged as a new diagnostic modality to assess DPN, especially of small fibre. To clarify the relationship between diabetic small fibre neuropathy and vascular dysfunction, we aimed to determine the functions of peripheral nerves and blood vessels through clinical tests such as nerve conduction study, coefficient of variation in the R-R interval, CCM, and RH-PAT in 82 patients with type 2 diabetes. Forty healthy control subjects were also included to study corneal nerve parameters. Correlational and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between neuropathy indices and markers for vascular functions. The results revealed that patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly lower values for most variables of CCM than healthy control subjects. RH-PAT solely remained as an explanatory variable significant in multiple regression analysis for several CCM parameters and vice versa. Other vascular markers had no significant multiple regression with any CCM parameters. In conclusion, endothelial dysfunction as revealed by impaired RH-PAT was significantly associated with CCM parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. This association may indicate that small fibre neuropathy results from impaired endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. CCM parameters may be considered surrogate markers of autonomic nerve damage, which is related to diabetic endothelial dysfunction. This study is the first to report the relationship between corneal nerve parameter as small fibre neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and RH-PAT as a marker of endothelial dysfunction.

Abstract.

Ishibashi F, Kosaka A, Tavakoli M (2021). The Impact of Glycemic Control on Retinal Photoreceptor Layers and Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Without Diabetic Retinopathy: a Follow-Up Study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12

AimsTo establish the sequential changes by glycemic control in the mean thickness, volume and reflectance of the macular photoreceptor layers (MPRLs) and retinal pigment epithelium in patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy.MethodsThirty-one poorly controlled (HbA1c &gt; 8.0%) patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy undergoing glycemic control and 39 control subjects with normal HbA1c levels (&lt; 5.9%) underwent periodical full medical, neurological and ophthalmological examinations over 2 years. Glycemic variability was evaluated by standard deviation and coefficient of variation of monthly measured HbA1c levels and casual plasma glucose. 3D swept source-optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-Explorer-generated enface thickness, volume and reflectance images for 9 subfields defined by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study of 4 MPRLs {outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone, photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) and interdigitation zone} and retinal pigment epithelium were acquired every 3 months.ResultsGlycemic control sequentially restored the thickness and volume at 6, 4 and 5 subfields of outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone and PROS, respectively. The thickness and volume of outer nuclear layer were restored related to the decrease in HbA1c and casual plasma glucose levels, but not related to glycemic variability and neurological tests. The reflectance of MPRLs and retinal pigment epithelium in patients was marginally weaker than controls, and further decreased at 6 or 15 months during glycemic control. The reduction at 6 months coincided with high HbA1c levels.ConclusionGlycemic control sequentially restored the some MPRL thickness, especially of outer nuclear layer. In contrast, high glucose during glycemic control decreased reflectance and may lead to the development of diabetic retinopathy induced by glycemic control. The repeated OCT examinations can clarify the benefit and hazard of glycemic control to the diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract.

Lewis EJH, Lovblom LE, Ferdousi M, Halpern EM, Jeziorska M, Pacaud D, Pritchard N, Dehghani C, Edwards K, Srinivasan S, et al (2020). Rapid Corneal Nerve Fiber Loss: a Marker of Diabetic Neuropathy Onset and Progression. Diabetes Care, 43(8), 1829-1835. Abstract.

Ishibashi F, Tavakoli M (2020). Thinning of Macular Neuroretinal Layers Contributes to Sleep Disorder in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Without Clinical Evidences of Neuropathy and Retinopathy. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11

Ishibashi F, Taniguchi M, Kosaka A, Uetake H, Tavakoli M (2019). Improvement in Neuropathy Outcomes with Normalizing HbA1c in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 42(1), 110-118. Abstract. Author URL.

Lewis EJ, Tavakoli M, Lovblom LE, Halpern EM, Jeziorska M, Pacaud D, Pritchard N, Shtein RM, Efron N, Bril V, et al (2018). 26 the Reference Distribution of Annual Change in Corneal Nerve Fibre Length in Diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 42(5).

Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Bril V, Scarr D, Ostrovski I, Orszag A, Edwards K, Pritchard N, Russell A, Dehghani C, et al (2018). Corneal confocal microscopy for identification of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: a pooled multinational consortium study. Diabetologia, 61(8), 1856-1861. Abstract.

Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Foden P, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, Jeziorska M, Chaturvedi N, Boulton AJM, Malik RA, Abbott CA, et al (2018). Explanations for less small fibre neuropathy in South Asian versus European subjects with type 2 diabetes in the UK. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 34(7). Abstract. Author URL.

Ishibashi F, Tavakoli M (2018). Impact of normoglycemia in reducing microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a follow-up study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9(MAR).

Aims: Hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the reduction of the levels of HbA1c by tight glycemic control (GC) decreases the rate of microvascular complications and improves the neurological measures in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Detailed clinical and neurological examinations including corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) were performed in 141 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 60 age-matched control subjects at baseline and follow-up with GC for 4 years. Patients were stratified according to the mean HbA1c level during follow-up into good (HbA1c < 53.0 mmol/mol, mean; 47.5 mmol/mol), fair (53.0 mmol/mol ≤ HbA1c < 58.5 mmol/mol, mean; 55.6 mmol/mol), and poor (HbA1c ≥ 58.5 mmol/mol, mean; 68.9 mmol/mol) GC groups with similar HbA1c levels at baseline (84.5-88.2 mmol/mol). Results: at baseline, CCM revealed significant nerve fiber damage in all patients compared to that in controls. The interval changes in most corneal nerve fiber (CNF) parameters and neurophysiological functions were significantly related with the mean HbA1c levels during follow-up. Interestingly, the baseline HbA1c level did not impact on neurological functions at follow-up. Interval changes in neuropathy outcomes were associated with mean clinical factors during follow-up and hypoglycemic strategies. Good GC improved all nerve functions, including CNF branch density and bead, but not the length and main fiber density. Fair GC deteriorated some nerve functions. Poor GC compromised all neuropathy outcomes. Irrespective of GC levels, retinopathy increased after follow-up period, while nephropathy decreased. Conclusion: This study showed that tight GC was beneficial just for nephropathy among microvascular complications. Despite strict GC, the retinopathy progressed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glucose control did not improve neurophysiological and corneal nerve measurements unless near-normoglycemia was reached.

Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Yavuz DG, Tahrani AA, Selvarajah D, Bowling FL, Fadavi H (2017). Diabetic Neuropathy: Current Status and Future Prospects. JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH, 2017 Author URL.

Alam U, Jeziorska M, Petropoulos IN, Asghar O, Fadavi H, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Efron N, et al (2017). Diagnostic utility of corneal confocal microscopy and intra-epidermal nerve fibre density in diabetic neuropathy. PLoS One, 12(7). Abstract. Author URL.

Alahmar AT, Petropoulos IN, Ferdousi M, Jones W, Fadavi H, Azmi S, Alam U, Asghar O, Meskiri A, Kheyami A, et al (2017). Expression of skin Glyoxalase-I, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor (RAGE) in patients with long term type 1 diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. Brunei International Medical Journal, 13(6), 180-193.

Background: Certain group of diabetic patients have been shown to remain free of diabetic complications despite having had diabetes for longer periods. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), their receptor (RAGE) and Glyoxalase-I (GLO-I) have been implicated in the development of diabetic neuropathy. Objective: to assess the effect of long term type 1 diabetes mellitus on skin distribution and expression of AGEs, RAGE and GLO-I and to correlate these expressions with measures of small and large nerve fibre damage. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus of shorter ( < 15 years, n=20), intermediate (15-40 years, n=25) and longer ( > 40 years, n=22) duration and 34 non-diabetic controls underwent diabetic neuropathy assessment: Neuropathy disability score (NDS), quantitative sensory testing (QST) including vibration pressure and thermal thresholds, nerve conduction studies (NCS), deep breathing heart rate variability (DB-HRV), corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) and AGEs, RAGE and GLO-I expression in foot skin biopsies. Results: Compared to controls, type 1 diabetes mellitus patients showed progressively increased skin expression of AGEs, RAGE but progressively lower GLO-I expression with increasing duration of diabetes. Thus patients with longerduration diabetes demonstrated significantly higher skin AGEs and RAGE but lower GLO-I expression than both shorter and intermediate duration diabetic groups. In patients with longer duration diabetes who developed diabetic neuropathy, the skin expression of AGEs and RAGE were significantly higher but GLO-I were significantly lower than those who did not develop diabetic neuropathy. These expressions also correlated with IENFD, CCM and NCS measures. Conclusion: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus showed progressively increased skin expression of AGEs, RAGE but progressively lower GLO-I expression with increasing duration of diabetes. Patients with longer duration diabetes who developed diabetic neuropathy have significantly higher skin AGEs and RAGE and decreased GLO-I expression suggesting a potential role for these macromolecules as aetiological, marker of the disease as well as therapeutic target for diabetic neuropathy.

Abstract.

Kapetis D, Sassone J, Yang Y, Galbardi B, Xenakis MN, Westra RL, Szklarczyk R, Lindsey P, Faber CG, Gerrits M, et al (2017). Network topology of NaV1.7 mutations in sodium channel-related painful disorders. BMC Systems Biology, 11(1).

Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Alam U, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Asghar O, Fadavi H, Jones W, Tavakoli M, et al (2017). Small-fibre neuropathy in men with type 1 diabetes and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study. Diabetologia, 60(6), 1094-1101. Abstract. Author URL.

Marshall AG, Lee-Kubli C, Azmi S, Zhang M, Ferdousi M, Mixcoatl-Zecuatl T, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Fineman MS, Fadavi H, et al (2017). Spinal Disinhibition in Experimental and Clinical Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes, 66(5), 1380-1390. Abstract. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Fukashi Ishibashi, Rie Kojima, Miki Taniguchi, Aiko Kosaka, Harumi Uetake, Mitra Tavakoli (2017). The Preferential Impairment of Pupil Constriction Stimulated by Blue Light in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Autonomic Neuropathy. Journal of Diabetes Research

Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Bril V, Edwards K, Pritchard N, Russell A, Pacaud D, Romanchuk K, Mah J, Boulton A, et al (2016). 209 Results of an International Corneal Confocal Microscopy (CCM) Consortium: a Pooled Multicentre Analysis of the Concurrent Diagnostic Validity of CCM to Identify Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 40(5).

Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Bril V, Edwards K, Pritchard N, Russell A, Pacaud D, Romanchuk K, Mah J, Boulton A, et al (2016). 59 Results of an International Corneal Confocal Microscopy (CCM) Consortium: a Pooled Multicentre Analysis of the Concurrent Diagnostic Validity of CCM to Identify Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 40(5).

Tavakoli M, Chen X, Graham J, Petropoulos I, Malik R (2016). An Automatic Tool for Quantification of Nerve Fibres in Corneal Confocal Microscopy Images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 64, 786-794.

Ponirakis G, Odriozola MN, Odriozola S, Petropoulos IN, Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Fadavi H, Alam U, Marshall A, Jeziorska M, et al (2016). NerveCheck for the Detection of Sensory Loss and Neuropathic Pain in Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther, 18(12), 800-805. Abstract. Author URL.

Perini I, Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Minde J, Morrison I (2016). Rare human nerve growth factor-β mutation reveals relationship between C-afferent density and acute pain evaluation. J Neurophysiol, 116(2), 425-430. Abstract. Author URL.

Alahmar A, Petropoulos I, Ferdousi M, Jones W, Fadavi H, Azmi S, Alam U, Asghar O, Meskiri A, Kheyami A, et al (2016). Skin Expression of Advanced Glycation end Products (AGEs), Their Receptor (RAGE) and Glyoxalase-I (GLO-I) in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 12(5), 1-13.

Ishibashi F, Kojima R, Taniguchi M, Kosaka A, Uetake H, Tavakoli M (2016). The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res, 2016 Abstract. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Malik R (2015). 8. The Acceptability and Feasibility of Corneal Confocal Microscopy to Detect Diabetic Neuropathy in Children: a Pilot Study (632-P). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Diabetologie, 13(3), 61-62.

Ponirakis G, Fadavi H, Petropoulos IN, Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Dabbah MA, Kheyami A, Alam U, Asghar O, Marshall A, et al (2015). Automated Quantification of Neuropad Improves its Diagnostic Ability in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2015, 1-7. Abstract.

Bagheri A, Borhani M, Salehirad S, Yazdani S, Tavakoli M (2015). Blepharoptosis Associated with Third Cranial Nerve Palsy. Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 31(5), 357-360.

Petropoulos IN, Green P, Chan AWS, Alam U, Fadavi H, Marshall A, Asghar O, Efron N, Tavakoli M, Malik RA, et al (2015). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Neuropathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes without Retinopathy or Microalbuminuria. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0123517-e0123517.

Ferdousi M, Azmi S, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Malik I, Mansoor W, Malik RA, et al (2015). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Small Fibre Neuropathy in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer and Nerve Regeneration in Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. PLOS ONE, 10(10), e0139394-e0139394.

Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Alam U, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Marshall A, Atkinson AJ, Jones W, et al (2015). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies Small-Fiber Neuropathy in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance Who Develop Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 38(8), 1502-1508. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Begum P, McLaughlin J, Malik RA (2015). Corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Muscle & Nerve, 52(3), 363-370. Abstract.

Alam U, Asghar O, Petropoulos IN, Jeziorska M, Fadavi H, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Efron N, et al (2015). Erratum. Small Fiber Neuropathy in Patients with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults. Diabetes Care 2015;38:e102–e103. Diabetes Care, 38(10), 1992.2-1992.

Lagali N, Poletti E, Patel DV, McGhee CNJ, Hamrah P, Kheirkhah A, Tavakoli M, Petropoulos IN, Malik RA, Utheim TP, et al (2015). Focused Tortuosity Definitions Based on Expert Clinical Assessment of Corneal Subbasal Nerves. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 56(9), 5102-5102.

Tavakoli M, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, Morris J, Pritchard N, Zhivov A, Ziegler D, Pacaud D, Romanchuk K, Perkins BA, et al (2015). Normative Values for Corneal Nerve Morphology Assessed Using Corneal Confocal Microscopy: a Multinational Normative Data Set. Diabetes Care, 38(5), 838-843.

. OBJECTIVE
. Corneal confocal microscopy is a novel diagnostic technique for the detection of nerve damage and repair in a range of peripheral neuropathies, in particular diabetic neuropathy. Normative reference values are required to enable clinical translation and wider use of this technique. We have therefore undertaken a multicenter collaboration to provide worldwide age-adjusted normative values of corneal nerve fiber parameters.
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.
. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
. A total of 1,965 corneal nerve images from 343 healthy volunteers were pooled from six clinical academic centers. All subjects underwent examination with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph corneal confocal microscope. Images of the central corneal subbasal nerve plexus were acquired by each center using a standard protocol and analyzed by three trained examiners using manual tracing and semiautomated software (CCMetrics). Age trends were established using simple linear regression, and normative corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal nerve fiber tortuosity (CNFT) reference values were calculated using quantile regression analysis.
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.
. RESULTS
. There was a significant linear age-dependent decrease in CNFD (−0.164 no./mm2 per year for men, P &lt; 0.01, and −0.161 no./mm2 per year for women, P &lt; 0.01). There was no change with age in CNBD (0.192 no./mm2 per year for men, P = 0.26, and −0.050 no./mm2 per year for women, P = 0.78). CNFL decreased in men (−0.045 mm/mm2 per year, P = 0.07) and women (−0.060 mm/mm2 per year, P = 0.02). CNFT increased with age in men (0.044 per year, P &lt; 0.01) and women (0.046 per year, P &lt; 0.01). Height, weight, and BMI did not influence the 5th percentile normative values for any corneal nerve parameter.
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. CONCLUSIONS
. This study provides robust worldwide normative reference values for corneal nerve parameters to be used in research and clinical practice in the study of diabetic and other peripheral neuropathies.
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Abstract.

Petropoulos IN, Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Malik RA (2015). Response to Comment on Malik. Which Test for Diagnosing Early Human Diabetic Neuropathy? Diabetes 2014;63:2206–2208. Diabetes, 64(2), e2-e3.

Alam U, Asghar O, Petropoulos IN, Jeziorska M, Fadavi H, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Efron N, et al (2015). Small Fiber Neuropathy in Patients with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults. Diabetes Care, 38(7), e102-e103.

Chen X, Graham J, Dabbah MA, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Asghar O, Alam U, Marshall A, Fadavi H, Ferdousi M, et al (2015). Small Nerve Fiber Quantification in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: Comparing Corneal Confocal Microscopy with Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density. Diabetes Care, 38(6), 1138-1144. Abstract.

Kass-Iliyya L, Javed S, Gosal D, Kobylecki C, Marshall A, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Tavakoli M, Ferdousi M, Chaudhuri KR, et al (2015). Small fiber neuropathy in Parkinson's disease: a clinical, pathological and corneal confocal microscopy study. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 21(12), 1454-1460.

Petropoulos IN, Ferdousi M, Marshall A, Alam U, Ponirakis G, Azmi S, Fadavi H, Efron N, Tavakoli M, Malik RA, et al (2015). The Inferior Whorl for Detecting Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Using Corneal Confocal Microscopy. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 56(4), 2498-2498.

Pacaud D, Romanchuk KG, Tavakoli M, Gougeon C, Virtanen H, Ferdousi M, Nettel-Aguirre A, Mah JK, Malik RA (2015). The Reliability and Reproducibility of Corneal Confocal Microscopy in Children. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 56(9), 5636-5636.

Javed S, Petropoulos IN, Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2014). Clinical and diagnostic features of small fiber damage in diabetic polyneuropathy. Handb Clin Neurol, 126, 275-290. Abstract. Author URL.

Asghar O, Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Jones W, Jeziorska M, Marshall A, Ponirakis G, Fadavi H, Boulton AJM, Tavakoli M, et al (2014). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Neuropathy in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Diabetes Care, 37(9), 2643-2646. Abstract.

Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Alam U, Jones W, Marshall A, Jeziorska M, et al (2014). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Shows an Improvement in Small-Fiber Neuropathy in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Compared with Multiple Daily Injection. Diabetes Care, 38(1), e3-e4.

Pritchard N, Edwards K, Dehghani C, Fadavi H, Jeziorska M, Marshall A, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Russell AW, Sampson GP, et al (2014). Longitudinal assessment of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes using novel ophthalmic markers (LANDMark): Study design and baseline characteristics. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 104(2), 248-256.

Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Fadavi H, Marshall A, Asghar O, Dabbah MA, Chen X, Graham J, Ponirakis G, Boulton AJM, et al (2014). Rapid Automated Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with in Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 55(4), 2071-2071.

Ponirakis G, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Alam U, Asghar O, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2014). The diagnostic accuracy of Neuropad<sup>®</sup> for assessing large and small fibre diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Medicine, 31(12), 1673-1680. Abstract.

Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Green P, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Boulton AJM, Tavakoli M, Malik RA, et al (2013). Corneal Nerve Loss Detected with Corneal Confocal Microscopy is Symmetrical and Related to the Severity of Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care, 36(11), 3646-3651. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Petropoulos IN, Malik RA (2013). Corneal confocal microscopy to assess diabetic neuropathy: an eye on the foot. J Diabetes Sci Technol, 7(5), 1179-1189. Abstract. Author URL.

Tavakoli M (2013). Corneal confocal microscopy: Beyond corneal defects! Translational studies in diabetes and neurology. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 36, e1-e1.

Alimohammadi S, Hobbenaghi R, Javanbakht J, Kheradmand D, Mortezaee R, Tavakoli M, Khadivar F, Akbari H (2013). Protective and antidiabetic effects of extract from Nigella sativa on blood glucose concentrations against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic in rats: an experimental study with histopathological evaluation. Diagn Pathol, 8 Abstract. Author URL.

Petropoulos IN, Manzoor T, Morgan P, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Alam U, Ponirakis G, Dabbah MA, Chen X, Graham J, et al (2013). Repeatability of in Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy to Quantify Corneal Nerve Morphology. Cornea, 32(5), e83-e89.

Safiarian R, Amini P, Moez EK, Mohammadzadeh F, Tavakoli M, Zayeri F (2013). Risk group classification for bleeding after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a comparison of the logistic regression with decision tree models. TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY, 21(3), 574-580. Author URL.

Sellers EAC, Clark I, Tavakoli M, Dean HJ, McGavock J, Malik RA (2013). The acceptability and feasibility of corneal confocal microscopy to detect early diabetic neuropathy in children: a pilot study. Diabetic Medicine, 30(5), 630-631.

Tavakoli M, Mitu-Pretorian M, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Alam U, Ponirakis G, Jeziorska M, Marshall A, Efron N, et al (2012). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Early Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Neuropathy After Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation. Diabetes, 62(1), 254-260. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Banka S, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Kingston H, Malik RA (2012). Corneal confocal microscopy detects small‐fiber neuropathy in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A patients. Muscle & Nerve, 46(5), 698-704. Abstract.

Razmju H, Akhlaghi MR, Tavakoli M (2012). Evaluation of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) in treatment of diabetic macular edema in patients referring to Feiz Eye Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES, 17, S79-S82. Author URL.

Dabbah MA, Graham J, Petropoulos IN, Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2011). Automatic analysis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy using multi-scale quantitative morphology of nerve fibres in corneal confocal microscopy imaging. Medical Image Analysis, 15(5), 738-747.

Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2011). Corneal Confocal Microscopy: a Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies. Journal of Visualized Experiments(47).

Tavakoli M, Kallinikos P, Iqbal A, Herbert A, Fadavi H, Efron N, Boulton AJM, a Malik R (2011). Corneal confocal microscopy detects improvement in corneal nerve morphology with an improvement in risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Medicine, 28(10), 1261-1267.

Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Efron N, Malik RA (2011). Increased Langerhan cell density and corneal nerve damage in diabetic patients: Role of immune mechanisms in human diabetic neuropathy. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 34(1), 7-11.

Zhivov A, Stachs O (2011). Re: “Increased Langerhan cell density and corneal nerve damage in diabetic patients: Role of immune mechanisms in human diabetic neuropathy” by Tavakoli et al. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 34(2), 98-98.

Efron N, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Malik R (2011). Reply to letter from Dr Zhivov and Dr Stachs. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 34(2), 99-99.

Tavakoli M, Quattrini C, Abbott C, Kallinikos P, Marshall A, Finnigan J, Morgan P, Efron N, Boulton AJM, Malik RA, et al (2010). Corneal Confocal Microscopy. Diabetes Care, 33(8), 1792-1797. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Pitceathly R, Fadavi H, Gow D, Roberts ME, Efron N, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2010). Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel means to detect nerve fibre damage in idiopathic small fibre neuropathy. Experimental Neurology, 223(1), 245-250.

Petropoulos I, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Alam U, Ponirakis G, Tavakoli M, Malik R (2010). Diabetic neuropathy: Review of diagnosis and management. Diabetes and Primary Care, 12(3), 165-174. Abstract.

Dabbah MA, Graham J, Petropoulos I, Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2010). Dual-model automatic detection of nerve-fibres in corneal confocal microscopy images. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv, 13(Pt 1), 300-307. Abstract. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Asghar O, Alam U, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Malik RA (2010). Review: Novel insights on diagnosis, cause and treatment of diabetic neuropathy: focus on painful diabetic neuropathy. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1(2), 69-88. Abstract.

Patel DV, Tavakoli M, Craig JP, Efron N, McGhee CNJ (2009). Corneal Sensitivity and Slit Scanning in Vivo Confocal Microscopy of the Subbasal Nerve Plexus of the Normal Central and Peripheral Human Cornea. Cornea, 28(7), 735-740.

Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Thompson L, Kenny M, Waldek S, Efron N, Malik RA (2009). Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel noninvasive means to diagnose neuropathy in patients with fabry disease. Muscle & Nerve, 40(6), 976-984. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Fadavi H, Malik RA (2008). Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. European Endocrinology, 4, 48-48. Abstract.

Malik R (2008). Clinical applications of corneal confocal microscopy. Clinical Ophthalmology, 435-435.

Mehra S, Tavakoli M, Tavakoli A, Parrott N, Malik R, Augustine T (2008). IMPROVEMENT IN DIABETIC NEUROPATHY AFTER SUCCESSFUL PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION DETECTED BY CORNEAL CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY- TWO YEAR DATA. Transplantation, 86(2S).

Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2008). Management of painful diabetic neuropathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 9(17), 2969-2978. Abstract. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Mojaddidi M, Fadavi H, Malik RA (2008). Pathophysiology and treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 12(3), 192-197.

Quattrini C, Jeziorska M, Tavakoli M, Begum P, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2008). The Neuropad test: a visual indicator test for human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia, 51(6), 1046-1050.

Mehra S, Tavakoli M, Kallinikos PA, Efron N, Boulton AJM, Augustine T, Malik RA (2007). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Early Nerve Regeneration After Pancreas Transplantation in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 30(10), 2608-2612. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Kallinikos PA, Efron N, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2007). Corneal Sensitivity is Reduced and Relates to the Severity of Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 30(7), 1895-1897.

Dash SK (2007). Corneal Sensitivity is Reduced and Relates to the Severity of Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 30(12), e142-e142.

Tavakoli M, Kallinikos PA, Efron N, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2007). Corneal sensitivity is reduced and relates to the severity of neuropathy in patients with diabetes: Response to Dash [16]. Diabetes Care, 30(12).

Greenstein A, Tavakoli M, Mojaddidi M, Al-Sunni A, Matfin G, Malik RA (2007). Microvascular complications: Evaluation and monitoring relevance to clinical practice, clinical trials, and drug development. British Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, 7(4), 166-171. Abstract.

Quattrini C, Tavakoli M, Jeziorska M, Kallinikos P, Tesfaye S, Finnigan J, Marshall A, Boulton AJM, Efron N, Malik RA, et al (2007). Surrogate Markers of Small Fiber Damage in Human Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes, 56(8), 2148-2154. Abstract.

Mehra S, Tavakoli M, Palmer A, Tavakoli A, Pararajasingam R, Parrott NR, Malik R, Augustine T (2006). EARLY NEURAL REGENERATION AFTER PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION DETECTED BY CORNEAL CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY: a PILOT STUDY. Transplantation, 82(1).

Tavakoli M, Marshall AG, Efron N, Malik RA (2006). FC41.1Corneal confocal microscopy: a non-invasive surrogate marker of small nerve fibre damage in patients with small fiber neuropathy. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117, 1-2.

Mojaddidi M, Quattrini C, Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2005). Recent developments in the assessment of efficacy in clinical trials of diabetic neuropathy. Current Diabetes Reports, 5(6), 417-422.

Tavakoli M (2001). Yekta AA, Tavakoli M, Study of the prevalence of types and amounts of refractive errors in different ages among patients examined at the department of optometry, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Iranian J. Basic Medical Sciences 2001; 4: 106-115. Iranian J. Basic Medical Sciences, 4, 106-115.

Gellman DD, Pirani CL, Soothill JF, Muehrcke RC, Kark RM (1959). Diabetic nephropathy: a clinical and pathologic study based on renal biopsies. Medicine (United States), 38(4), 321-367.

Chapters

Carmichael J, Fadavi H, Ishibashi F, Shore AC, Tavakoli M (2022). Chapter 4 Advances in screening, early diagnosis, and accurate staging of diabetic neuropathy. In (Ed) Diabetic Neuropathy, Elsevier, 47-78.

Javed S, Petropoulos IN, Tavakoli. M, Malik RA, Tavakoli M (2014). Chapter 20: Clinical and diagnostic features of small fiber damage in diabetic polyneuropathy. In (Ed) Handbook of Clinical Neurology Diabetes and the Nervous System, Elsevier B.V, 275-290.

Tavakoli M (2014). Chapter 3: Neuropatia de fibra fina: novas abordagens diagnósticas. In Hermelinda C. Pedrosa, Lucio Vilar, Andrew J. M. Boulton (Eds.) Neuropatias e Pé Diabético. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Fadavi H, Malik RA (2014). Optimal Measures of Small Fiber Neuropathy in Diabetic Polyneuropathy. In (Ed) Studies in Diabetes, Springer Science & Business Media, 93-105. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Mojaddidi M, Fadavi H, Malik RA (2009). Chapter 2 Pathogenesis of human diabetic neuropathy. In (Ed) Diabetic Neuropathy, Oxford University Press.

Tavakoli M (2009). Pathogenesis of Human Diabetic Neuropathy. In (Ed) Diabetic Neuropathy, Oxford University Press, USA. Abstract.

Conferences

Tavakoli M, Ishibashi F (2019). Impact of Extensive HbA1c Control on Major Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Short Duration of Disease. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Ishibashi F (2019). Impact of normalised HbA1c on diabetic neuropathy and other microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes. Author URL.

Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Bril V, Ferdousi M, Orszag A, Edwards K, Pritchard N, Russell AW, Dehghani C, Pacaud D, et al (2019). Prediction of Future Neuropathy Onset Using Corneal Confocal Microscopy: a Longitudinal Multinational Consortium Study. Author URL.

Lewis EJH, Lovblom LE, Ferdousi M, Jeziorska M, Pacaud D, Pritchard N, Shtein RM, Efron N, Tavakoli M, Bril V, et al (2019). Rapid Corneal Nerve Fibre Loss Predicts Neuropathy Progression in Diabetes: a Longitudinal Multinational Consortium Study. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Ishibashi F (2018). Impact of normoglycaemia in reducing microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Ishibashi F (2018). The Impact of Normoglycemia in Reducing Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes-A Follow-Up Study. Author URL.

Lewis EJH, Tavakoli M, Lovblom LE, Halpern EM, Jeziorska M, Pacaud D, Pritchard N, Shtein RM, Efron N, Bril V, et al (2018). The Reference Distribution of Annual Change in Corneal Nerve Fibre Length in Diabetes Mellitus. Author URL.

Osigian CJ, Grace S, Cavuoto KM, Feuer WJ, Tavakoli M, Capo H, Lam BL (2017). Comparison of Non-Sedated Cone Flicker ERG Screening Test and Sedated Conventional ERG in Children. Author URL.

Perkins BA, Lovblom LE, Bril V, Edwards K, Pritchard N, Russell A, Pacaud D, Romanchuk K, Mah J, Boulton AJM, et al (2017). Concurrent Diagnostic Validity of in Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Polyneuropathy (DPN): a Pooled Multinational Analysis. Author URL.

Alam U, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Marshall A, Jeziorska M, Azmi S, Pritchard N, Ponirakis G, Edwards K, et al (2017). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects a Small-Fibre Neuropathy in Patients with LADA. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Soiland-Reyes C, Spencer R, Howard S, Boaden R (2017). Corneal Confocal Microscopy for Early Detection of Diabetic Neuropathy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Author URL.

Azmi S, Alam U, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Marshall A, Jones W, Tavakoli M, et al (2017). Corneal Confocal Microscopy: a Viable Surrogate Endpoint for Neuropathy following Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplant. Author URL.

Alam U, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Ponirakis G, Jeziorska M, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Efron N, et al (2017). Corneal confocal microscopy detects improvements in small nerve fibres in subjects with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults with enhanced glycaemic control. Author URL.

Tavakoli M (2017). Evaluation of clinical diagnostic markers for early detection of diabetic neuropathy. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Howard S, Soiland-Reyes C, Spencer R, Cotterill S, Perry C, Boaden R (2017). IMPLEMENTATION OF CORNEAL CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY FOR SCREENING DIABETIC NEUROPATHY IN PRIMARY CARE: a FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY STUDY. Author URL.

Tavakoli M (2017). Screening and Early Detection of Diabetic Neuropathy in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Author URL.

Azmi S, Jeziorska M, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos I, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Alam U, Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Asghar O, et al (2017). Simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation in type 1 diabetes is associated with an early improvement in small fibres. Author URL.

Sankar A, Fadavi H, Ferdousi M, Marshall A, Azmi S, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2016). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Distinguishes between Painful and Painless Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Author URL.

Sankar A, Fadavi H, Ferdousi M, Marshall A, Azmi S, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2016). Corneal confocal microscopy differentiates patients with painful from painless diabetic neuropathy. Author URL.

Jamaluddin MF, Ghosh S, Waine M, Sloboda R, Tavakoli M, Amanie J, Yee D, Murtha A, Usmani N (2016). INTRAOPERATIVE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IODINE-125 PLACEMENT ACCURACY IN PROSTATE BRACHYTHERAPY. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos L, Morris J, Pritchard N, Romanchuk K, Pacaud D, Perkins BA, Brill V, Ziegler D, et al (2015). A Multinational Normative Dataset for Corneal Nerve Morphology Assessed Using Corneal Confocal Microscopy. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos I, Morris J, Pritchard N, Zhivov A, Ziegler D, Pacaud D, Romanchuk K, Perkins B, et al (2015). A multi-national normative dataset for corneal nerve morphological parameters with using corneal confocal microscopy for early diagnosing diabetic neuropathy. Author URL.

Javed S, Ponirakis G, Ferdousi M, Azmi S, Petropoulos I, Tavakoli M, Jeziorska M, Gosal D, Malik RA (2015). Corneal confocal microscopy detects small-fibre damage, particularly in patients with sensory and autonomic ISFN. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos I, Fadavi H, Boulton AJM, Malik R (2015). NEURO - DEGENERATION OF CORNEA AND RETINA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES WITHOUT CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND NEUROPATHY. Author URL.

Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Ponirakis G, Alam U, Petropoulos I, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Ammori B, Soran H, Malik R, et al (2015). Obesity related neuropathy and the effects of bariatric surgery. Author URL.

Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Ponirakis G, Petropoulos I, Schofield J, Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Soran H, Malik RA (2015). Obesity related neuropathy and the effects of bariatric surgery. Author URL.

Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Ponirakis G, Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Tavakoli M, Fadavi H, Schofield J, Siahmansur T, Marshall A, et al (2015). Obesity-related Neuropathy and the Effects of Bariatric Surgery. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Malik R (2015). The Acceptability and Feasibility of Corneal Confocal Microscopy to Detect Diabetic Neuropathy in Children: a Pilot Study. Author URL.

Ponirakis G, Odriozola M, Petropoulos IN, Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Fadavi H, Alam U, Asghar O, Mashall A, Tavakoli M, et al (2015). The Diagnostic Validity of Nervecheck: from Functional and Structural Damage of Small and Large Nerve Fibres to Neuropathic Pain. Author URL.

Azmi S, Ponirakis G, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Marshall A, Kheyami A, Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, et al (2014). Corneal Confocal Microscopy (CCM) Detects an Improvement in Small Fibre Neuropathy in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII). Author URL.

Alam U, Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Boulton AJM, Malik RA, et al (2014). Corneal Confocal Microscopy (CCM) Identifies Early Small Fibre Neuropathy and Predicts the Development of Microalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM). Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Begum P, Malik RA, Mclaughlin J (2014). Corneal Confocal Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetic Gastroenteropathy. Author URL.

Pacaud D, Romanchuk K, Tavakoli M, Gougeon C, Ferdousi M, Mah JK, Nettel-Aguirre A, Malik RA (2014). Corneal Confocal Microscopy in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Interobserver Agreement and Repeatability of Nerve Fiber Length Measurements. Author URL.

Azmi S, Petropoulos I, Ferdousi MF, Ponirakis G, Alam U, Fadavi HF, Tavakoli M, Kheyami A, Jeziorska M, Malik RA, et al (2014). Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve damage in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and predicts progression to diabetes. Author URL.

Ponirakis G, Petropoulos I, Fadavi HF, Uazman AU, Asghar OA, Jeziorska M, Ferdousi MF, Marshall AM, Tavakoli M, Malik RAM, et al (2014). Corneal confocal microscopy: a prognostic test for the development of diabetic neuropathy. Author URL.

Alam U, Petropoulos IN, Asghar O, Azmi S, Fadavi H, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Efron N, Malik RA, et al (2014). Diabetic Neuropathy in Patients with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA). Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Marshall A, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2014). Ophthalmic biomarkers of diabetic neuropathy: does neural dysfunction precede vascular changes?. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Ferdousi M, Petropoulos I, Malik R (2014). Retinal and Corneal neural dysfunction precedes retinopathy and correlates with peripheral neuropathy in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Author URL.

Alahmar A, Fadavi H, Alam U, Asghar O, Petropoulos IN, Ferdousi M, Ponirakis G, Meskiri A, Jones W, Azmi S, et al (2014). Skin AGE/RAGE Expression is Related to the Severity of Diabetic Neuropathy. Author URL.

Alam U, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Marshall A, Ponirakis G, Al-Ahmar A, Kheyami A, Ferdousi M, Azmi S, et al (2013). Corneal Confocal Microscopy is as Proficient as Electrophysiology and Skin Biopsy in Detecting Neuropathy in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Malik R (2013). Corneal Confocal Microscopy detects neuropathy before retinopathy and nephropathy in children with Type 1 Diabetes: a Preliminary Study. Author URL.

Petropoulos IN, Asghar O, Alam U, Fadavi H, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2013). Corneal confocal microscopy detects and tracks progression of neuropathy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Mitu-Pretorian M, Petropoulos IN, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Alam U, Ponirakis G, Jeziorska M, Marshall A, Boulton AJM, et al (2013). Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration in diabetic neuropathy following simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2013). Corneal confocal microscopy detects neuropathy before retinopathy and nephropathy in children with type 1 diabetes: a preliminary study. Author URL.

Ponirakis G, Petropoulos IP, Fadavi H, Alam UA, Asghar OA, Tavakoli M, Malik RAM (2013). Diagnostic performance of Neuropad response. Author URL.

Azmi S, Alam U, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Petropoulos IN, Ponirakis G, Marshall A, Ferdousi M, Kheyami A, Alahmar A, et al (2013). Early Non-Progressive Small Fibre Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes. Author URL.

Efron N, Pritchard N, Edwards K, Sampson G, Russell A, Petropoulos I, Alam U, Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Malik R, et al (2013). Longitudinal Assessment of Neuropathy in Diabetes using novel ophthalmic MARKers (LANDMark): Baseline findings. Author URL.

Khambalia H, Tavakoli M, Moinuddin Z, van Dellen D, Malik R, Augustine T (2013). Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation leads to Early Nerve Regeneration, as Evaluated by Corneal Confocal Microscopy. Author URL.

Alam U, Petropoulos I, Fadavi H, Asghar O, Marshall A, Ponirakis G, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJ, Malik R (2012). Small Fibre Dysfunction and Vitamin D Deficiency Underlie Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Toosi MHB, Pourreza R, Banaee T, Pourreza HR (2011). Automated Optic Nerve Head Detection in Fluorescein Angiography Fundus Images. Author URL.

Asghar O, Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Ponirakis G, Fadavi H, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2011). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Neuropathy in Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Petropoulos I, Fadavi H, Alam U, Asghar O, Ponirakis G, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2011). Corneal nerve fibre damage defined using corneal confocal microscopy in relation to tear film proteomics. Author URL.

Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Petropolous IN, Caturvedi N, Jeziorska M, Boulton AJM, Malik RA, Abbott CA (2011). Potential explanation for lower incidence of foot ulceration in Asian compared to European patients with type 2 diabetes. Author URL.

Alam U, Fadavi H, Petropoulos I, Ponirakis G, Asghar O, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2011). Protection from Neuropathy: Lessons from Patients with Long Duration Type 1 Diabetes. Author URL.

Quattrini C, Tavakoli M, Kallinikos P, Marshall A, Efron N, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2010). Comparing skin biopsy with corneal confocal microscopy: diagnostic yield of nerve fiber density. Author URL.

Petropoulos IN, Asghar O, Alam U, Fadavi H, Dabbah MA, Marshall A, Tavakoli M, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2010). Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Neuropathy in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Author URL.

Dabbah MA, Graham J, Petropoulos I, Tavakoli M, Malik RA (2010). Dual-model automatic detection of nerve-fibres in corneal confocal microscopy images. Abstract.

Tavakoli M, Quattrini C, Begum P, Fadavi H, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2010). Neuropad and corneal confocal microscopy: new indicators for human diabetic neuropathy. Author URL.

Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Petropoulos I, Chaturvedi N, Boulton AJM, Malik R, Abbott CA (2010). Predisposing Risk Factors Underlying the Reduced Risk of Foot Ulceration in South Asian Compared to European Patient with Diabetes. Author URL.

Begum P, Tavakoli M, Malik RA, McLaughlin J (2009). AN "INSIGHT" INTO DIABETIC GASTROENTEROPATHY USING CORNEAL CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Begum P, McLaughlin J, Malik RA (2009). Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel surrogate marker for diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Author URL.

Fadavi H, Tavakoli M, Finnigan J, Doyle S, Chaturvedi N, Boulton AJM, Malik RA, Abbott CA (2009). Reduced Small Nerve Fibre Damage May Underlie a Lower Incidence of Foot Ulceration in Asian Compared to European Patients with Diabetes. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Mehra S, Boulton AJ, Augustine T-T, Malik RA (2008). Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration in type 1 diabetic patients undergoing combined pancreas/kidney transplantation. Author URL.

Das TJ, Tavakoli M, Iqbal A, Efron N, Boutlon AJM, Malik RA (2008). Corneal confocal microscopy to assess progression of diabetic neuropathy: a longitudinal study in people with diabetes over 5 years. Author URL.

Pitceathly RDS, Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Roberts ME, Gow D, Efron N, Malik RA (2008). Corneal confocal microscopy to diagnose idiopathic small fibre neuropathy. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Finnigan J, Roberts M, Malik RA (2008). Corneal confocal microscopy to diagnose small fibre neuropathy in patients with IGT. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Marshall A, Roberts ME, Malik RA (2008). Corneal diabetic neuropathy: a new hallmark of peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Abbott C, Quattrini C, Middlemas A, Karamoysoyli E, Tomlinson DR, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2007). Corneal confocal microscopy and plasma p75NTR: new surrogate markers of human diabetic neuropathy. Author URL.

Mehra S, Tavakoli M, Kallinikos P, Efron N, Boulton AJM, Augustine T, Malik RA (2007). Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration after pancreas transplantation in diabetic patients despite severe neuropathy. Author URL.

Mehra S, Tavakoli M, Tavakoli A, Malik R, Parajasingam R, Parrott NR, Augustine TA (2007). Corneal confocal microscopy detects early neural regeneration in type 1 diabetics after pancreas transplantation. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Middlemas A, Kararrloysoli E, Abbott C, Quattrini C, Malik RA, Boulton AJM, Tomlinson DR (2007). Is p75NTR a new surrogate marker of diabetic neuropathy?. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Mehra S, Augustine T, Malik RA (2006). Corneal confocal microscopy detects early nerve regeneration after pancreas transplantation. Author URL.

Tavakoli M, Quattrini C, Abbott C, Kallinikos P, Tomlinson D, Efron N, Boulton AJM, Malik RA (2006). Corneal confocal microscopy is a non-invasive surrogate of nerve fibre damage and repair in diabetic patients. Author URL.

Quattrini C, Kallinikos P, Tavakoli M, Jeziorska M, Sheard A, Finnigan J, Boulton A, Efron N, Malik R (2005). Corneal confocal microscopy is superior to skin biopsy as a surrogate marker of human diabetic neuropathy. Author URL.

External Engagement and Impact

Awards

2013 Irving Fatt Memorial Award Lecture – British Contact Lens Association (BCLA)
2011 Clinical Science Prize for the Neuropathy study group of the European association for the study of diabetes (EASD)
2008 Best Graduate Student of the year- School of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences-University of Manchester
2006 Best PhD Medical Essay- University of Manchester
2001 Exemplary Researcher of Medical Sciences, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Ferdowsi Scientific Festival

Editorial responsibilities

2012-date: Associate Editor, Cornea: BMC Ophthalmology
2015-date: Editorial Board “Journal of Neurology, Neurological Science and Disorders”
2014-date: Editorial Board “International Journal of Ophthalmology & Eye Science (IJOES)”
2016-date: Associate Editor for Diabetes in:
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Frontiers in Public Health
2016-date: Associate Editor, Diabetes and Metabolism; BMC Endocrine Disorders

Invited lectures

Selected:

Mitra Tavakoli, Invited Speaker, Advances in Early Detection and Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy, XXII Annual Conference of Brazilian Diabetes, October 2019, Natal, Brazil
Mitra Tavakoli, Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A New way of Screening & Early Detection of DN; Keynote Speaker, British Association of Retinal Screening, September 2018, Bristol, UK
Mitra Tavakoli, July 2016, Modern Approach of Diabetic Neuropathy, Summer School of Diabetic Neuropathy, Neurodiab, Romania
Mitra Tavakoli, July 2016, Lessons from studies in Diabetic Neuropathy, Summer School of Diabetic Neuropathy, Siana, Romania
Mitra Tavakoli, Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Diagnostic test for early detection Diabetic Neuropathy; April 2015, University of Rostock, Germany
Mitra Tavakoli, ‘Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A new way of detecting Diabetic Neuropathy, Bucharest, Romania, Invited by Romanian Society for Diabetic Neuropathy, October 2014
Mitra Tavakoli, Corneal Physiology: Applications of Corneal Confocal microscopy in Optometry & Ophthalmology, Optometrie’14 conference, Koln, Germany, 28th March 2014
Mitra Tavakoli, BCLA Irving Fatt Lecture 2013- Manchester – Corneal confocal microscopy: Beyond corneal defects! Translational studies in Diabetes and Neurology- 6th June 2013, Manchester Central.
Mitra Tavakoli, Corneal Confocal microscopy: A new way of detecting peripheral neuropathy, University of Flinders, Adelaide, Australia, August 2012
Mitra Tavakoli, Advances in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy, Endocrine Group, University of Marmara, March 2012- Istanbul, Turkey
Mitra Tavakoli, Corneal Confocal microscopy: A new way of detecting peripheral neuropathy, Young Investigator Clinical Prize talk- Neurodiab meeting- September 2011- Porto- Portugal.
Mitra Tavakoli, “New insights into Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy” – JDRF Research Meeting- Cork (Ireland) - Invited by JDRF & Diabetes Ireland Research Alliance– March 2011.
Mitra Tavakoli, "Interactions of Langerhans cells with the subbasal nerve layer in diabetic neuropathy". Invited by Prof. Nathan Efron to visit and give a talk in Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, July 2010.
Mitra Tavakoli, “Corneal confocal microscopy: a non-invasive surrogate for diabetic retinopathy”. The University of Cardiff, School of Optometry & Vision Sciences. June 2010.
Mitra Tavakoli, New advances in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy, International Congress in Diabetes and its Complications (ICDC), May 2009, Yazd, Iran.
Mitra Tavakoli, Early detection of nerve fibre repair using corneal Confocal microscopy following pancreas transplantation in diabetic patients with severe neuropathy; BCLA conference, June 2007, Manchester
Mitra Tavakoli, Corneal confocal microscopy: A novel non-invasive surrogate marker of diabetic neuropathy; EASD 11th Oxford Workshop: Regeneration in Diabetes Complications, July 2006, Oxford, UK.
Mitra Tavakoli, Corneal confocal microscopy: A novel non-invasive surrogate marker of diabetic neuropathy. Representing the University of Manchester in “The 3rd International Best PhD Medical Essays” Hradovec Kralovec, Czech Republic, 29 November- December 2006.

Other

Link to Google Scholar
Link to ORCiD

Teaching

Diabetes Microvascular Complications
Biomarkers and Oculomics
Translational Research

Medical Sciences (BSc)

CSC1001; CSC2001; CSC4001; Integrated Clinical Science (ICS 1, 2, 4)
CSC4002- Project Supervisior- Expanding Horizons 4
CSC2006- Lecturer- Vision- Foundations in Neuroscience
CSC4019 - Lecturer- Translational Medical Sciences
CSC4008- Lecturer- Vision - Frontiers in Neuroscience
Professional Training Year provider ( Supervisior)
Academic Tutor

Medicine (BMBS)

PBL
LSRC
SSU

Postgraduate

PhD/MPhil supervisor

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Professor Mitra Tavakoli

Associate Professor in Medicine (E&R)

Overview

Qualifications

Links

Research group links

Research

Research interests

Research projects

Links

Publications

Books

Abstract:Diabetic Neuropathy

Journal articles

Abstract:The landscape of global research on diabetic neuropathy

Abstract:Corneal nerve and nerve conduction abnormalities in children with type 1 diabetes.

Abstract:Implementation of corneal confocal microscopy for screening and early detection of diabetic neuropathy in primary care alongside retinopathy screening: Results from a feasibility study

Abstract:Corneal Confocal Microscopy Predicts the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy: a Longitudinal Diagnostic Multinational Consortium Study.

Abstract:Early detection of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without microalbuminuria in the absence of peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy.

Abstract:Small Fibre Neuropathy is Associated with Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract:The Impact of Glycemic Control on Retinal Photoreceptor Layers and Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Without Diabetic Retinopathy: a Follow-Up Study

Abstract:Rapid Corneal Nerve Fiber Loss: a Marker of Diabetic Neuropathy Onset and Progression

Abstract:Improvement in Neuropathy Outcomes with Normalizing HbA1c in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract:Corneal confocal microscopy for identification of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: a pooled multinational consortium study

Abstract:Explanations for less small fibre neuropathy in South Asian versus European subjects with type 2 diabetes in the UK.

Abstract:Impact of normoglycemia in reducing microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a follow-up study

Abstract:Diagnostic utility of corneal confocal microscopy and intra-epidermal nerve fibre density in diabetic neuropathy.

Abstract:Expression of skin Glyoxalase-I, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor (RAGE) in patients with long term type 1 diabetes and diabetic neuropathy

Abstract:Small-fibre neuropathy in men with type 1 diabetes and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract:Spinal Disinhibition in Experimental and Clinical Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.

Abstract:NerveCheck for the Detection of Sensory Loss and Neuropathic Pain in Diabetes.

Abstract:Rare human nerve growth factor-β mutation reveals relationship between C-afferent density and acute pain evaluation.

Abstract:The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Abstract:Automated Quantification of Neuropad Improves its Diagnostic Ability in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract:Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies Small-Fiber Neuropathy in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance Who Develop Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract:Corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Abstract:Normative Values for Corneal Nerve Morphology Assessed Using Corneal Confocal Microscopy: a Multinational Normative Data Set

Abstract:Small Nerve Fiber Quantification in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: Comparing Corneal Confocal Microscopy with Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density

Abstract:Clinical and diagnostic features of small fiber damage in diabetic polyneuropathy.

Abstract:Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Neuropathy in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Abstract:The diagnostic accuracy of Neuropad® for assessing large and small fibre diabetic neuropathy

Abstract:Corneal Nerve Loss Detected with Corneal Confocal Microscopy is Symmetrical and Related to the Severity of Diabetic Polyneuropathy

Abstract:Corneal confocal microscopy to assess diabetic neuropathy: an eye on the foot.

Abstract:Protective and antidiabetic effects of extract from Nigella sativa on blood glucose concentrations against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic in rats: an experimental study with histopathological evaluation.

Abstract:Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Early Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Neuropathy After Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation

Abstract:Corneal confocal microscopy detects small‐fiber neuropathy in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A patients

Abstract:Corneal Confocal Microscopy

Abstract:Diabetic neuropathy: Review of diagnosis and management

Abstract:Dual-model automatic detection of nerve-fibres in corneal confocal microscopy images.

Abstract:Review: Novel insights on diagnosis, cause and treatment of diabetic neuropathy: focus on painful diabetic neuropathy

Abstract:Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel noninvasive means to diagnose neuropathy in patients with fabry disease

Abstract:Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract:Management of painful diabetic neuropathy.

Abstract:Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Early Nerve Regeneration After Pancreas Transplantation in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract:Microvascular complications: Evaluation and monitoring relevance to clinical practice, clinical trials, and drug development

Abstract:Surrogate Markers of Small Fiber Damage in Human Diabetic Neuropathy

Chapters

Abstract:Chapter 3: Neuropatia de fibra fina: novas abordagens diagnósticas

Abstract:Optimal Measures of Small Fiber Neuropathy in Diabetic Polyneuropathy.

Abstract:Pathogenesis of Human Diabetic Neuropathy

Conferences

Abstract:Dual-model automatic detection of nerve-fibres in corneal confocal microscopy images

External Engagement and Impact

Awards

Editorial responsibilities

Invited lectures

Other

Teaching

Abstract:
Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract:
The landscape of global research on diabetic neuropathy

Abstract:
Corneal nerve and nerve conduction abnormalities in children with type 1 diabetes.

Abstract:
Implementation of corneal confocal microscopy for screening and early detection of diabetic neuropathy in primary care alongside retinopathy screening: Results from a feasibility study

Abstract:
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Predicts the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy: a Longitudinal Diagnostic Multinational Consortium Study.

Abstract:
Early detection of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without microalbuminuria in the absence of peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy.

Abstract:
Small Fibre Neuropathy is Associated with Impaired Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract:
The Impact of Glycemic Control on Retinal Photoreceptor Layers and Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Without Diabetic Retinopathy: a Follow-Up Study

Abstract:
Rapid Corneal Nerve Fiber Loss: a Marker of Diabetic Neuropathy Onset and Progression

Abstract:
Improvement in Neuropathy Outcomes with Normalizing HbA1c in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract:
Corneal confocal microscopy for identification of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: a pooled multinational consortium study

Abstract:
Explanations for less small fibre neuropathy in South Asian versus European subjects with type 2 diabetes in the UK.

Abstract:
Impact of normoglycemia in reducing microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a follow-up study

Abstract:
Diagnostic utility of corneal confocal microscopy and intra-epidermal nerve fibre density in diabetic neuropathy.

Abstract:
Expression of skin Glyoxalase-I, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor (RAGE) in patients with long term type 1 diabetes and diabetic neuropathy

Abstract:
Small-fibre neuropathy in men with type 1 diabetes and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract:
Spinal Disinhibition in Experimental and Clinical Painful Diabetic Neuropathy.

Abstract:
NerveCheck for the Detection of Sensory Loss and Neuropathic Pain in Diabetes.

Abstract:
Rare human nerve growth factor-β mutation reveals relationship between C-afferent density and acute pain evaluation.

Abstract:
The Expanded Bead Size of Corneal C-Nerve Fibers Visualized by Corneal Confocal Microscopy is Associated with Slow Conduction Velocity of the Peripheral Nerves in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Abstract:
Automated Quantification of Neuropad Improves its Diagnostic Ability in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract:
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies Small-Fiber Neuropathy in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance Who Develop Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract:
Corneal confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Abstract:
Normative Values for Corneal Nerve Morphology Assessed Using Corneal Confocal Microscopy: a Multinational Normative Data Set

Abstract:
Small Nerve Fiber Quantification in the Diagnosis of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: Comparing Corneal Confocal Microscopy with Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density

Abstract:
Clinical and diagnostic features of small fiber damage in diabetic polyneuropathy.

Abstract:
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Neuropathy in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Abstract:
The diagnostic accuracy of Neuropad^® for assessing large and small fibre diabetic neuropathy

Abstract:
Corneal Nerve Loss Detected with Corneal Confocal Microscopy is Symmetrical and Related to the Severity of Diabetic Polyneuropathy

Abstract:
Corneal confocal microscopy to assess diabetic neuropathy: an eye on the foot.

Abstract:
Protective and antidiabetic effects of extract from Nigella sativa on blood glucose concentrations against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic in rats: an experimental study with histopathological evaluation.

Abstract:
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Early Nerve Regeneration in Diabetic Neuropathy After Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation

Abstract:
Corneal confocal microscopy detects small‐fiber neuropathy in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A patients

Abstract:
Corneal Confocal Microscopy

Abstract:
Diabetic neuropathy: Review of diagnosis and management

Abstract:
Dual-model automatic detection of nerve-fibres in corneal confocal microscopy images.

Abstract:
Review: Novel insights on diagnosis, cause and treatment of diabetic neuropathy: focus on painful diabetic neuropathy

Abstract:
Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel noninvasive means to diagnose neuropathy in patients with fabry disease

Abstract:
Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract:
Management of painful diabetic neuropathy.

Abstract:
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Detects Early Nerve Regeneration After Pancreas Transplantation in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract:
Microvascular complications: Evaluation and monitoring relevance to clinical practice, clinical trials, and drug development

Abstract:
Surrogate Markers of Small Fiber Damage in Human Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract:
Chapter 3: Neuropatia de fibra fina: novas abordagens diagnósticas

Abstract:
Optimal Measures of Small Fiber Neuropathy in Diabetic Polyneuropathy.

Abstract:
Pathogenesis of Human Diabetic Neuropathy

Abstract:
Dual-model automatic detection of nerve-fibres in corneal confocal microscopy images