Publications by year
In Press
Cockcroft EJ, williams C, jackman S, armstrong N, barker A (In Press). Agreement and Reliability of Fasted and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity and Beta Cell Function in Boys.
International journal of sports medicince Full text.
2020
Cockcroft EJ, Narendran P, Andrews RC (2020). Exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes. Experimental Physiology, 105(4), 590-599.
Cockcroft EJ, Britten N, Long L, Liabo K (2020). How is knowledge shared in Public involvement? a qualitative study of involvement in a health technology assessment. Health Expectations, 23(2), 348-357.
Warmoth K, Day J, Cockcroft E, Reed DN, Pollock L, Coxon G, Heneker J, Walton B, Stein K (2020). Understanding stakeholders’ perspectives on implementing deprescribing for older people living in long-term residential care homes: the STOPPING study protocol. Implementation Science Communications, 1(1).
2019
Staley K, Cockcroft E, Shelly A, Liabo K (2019). 'What can I do that will most help researchers?' a different approach to training the public at the start of their involvement in research.
Res Involv Engagem,
5Abstract:
'What can I do that will most help researchers?' a different approach to training the public at the start of their involvement in research.
For patients and the public to work collaboratively with researchers, they need support and opportunities to engage in learning that builds on their skills and grows their confidence. In this article, we argue for a different approach to this learning, which starts with the expertise patients/ the public arrive with, and helps them identify and develop the soft skills required to influence researchers effectively. Much of the current training for patients and the public focuses on addressing the gaps in their knowledge and awareness about how research works and how public involvement adds value. Our training complements this by exploring the concept of 'experiential knowledge' in more depth. Patients and the public possess experiential knowledge (knowledge gained through lived experience) that researchers may not have. In the training we explore the nature of this expertise and other skills that patients/ the public bring, as well as how to identify who has the most relevant experiential knowledge in any given situation, and how best to share experiential knowledge to benefit researchers and maximise the impact of involvement. We co-produced this training with a patient member of the project team, and through feedback from patients and carers in an initial pilot. Our approach adds another dimension to preparing people for involvement and in particular for taking part in conversations with researchers that support mutual learning. We suggest this approach should be supported by separate, mirror training for researchers, that also develops their soft skills in preparation for learning from involvement.
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Liabo K, Boddy K, Burchmore H, Cockcroft E, Britten N (2019). Clarifying the roles of patients in research.
Br J Sports Med,
53(20).
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Cockcroft EJ, Bond B, Williams CA, Harris S, Jackman SR, Armstrong N, Barker AR (2019). The effects of two weeks high-intensity interval training on fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in adolescent boys: a pilot study.
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation,
11(1).
Abstract:
The effects of two weeks high-intensity interval training on fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in adolescent boys: a pilot study
Abstract
. Background
. Current evidence of metabolic health benefits of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are limited to longer training periods or conducted in overweight youth. This study assessed 1) fasting and postprandial insulin and glucose before and after 2 weeks of HIIT in healthy adolescent boys, and 2) the relationship between pre intervention health outcomes and the effects of the HIIT intervention.
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. Methods
. Seven healthy boys (age:14.3 ± 0.3 y, BMI: 21.6 ± 2.6, 3 participants classified as overweight) completed 6 sessions of HIIT over 2 weeks. Insulin resistance (IR) and blood glucose and insulin responses to a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test (MMTT) were assessed before (PRE), 20 h and 70 h after (POST) the final HIIT session.
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. Results
. Two weeks of HIIT had no effect on fasting plasma glucose, insulin or IR at 20 h and 70 h POST HIIT, nor insulin and glucose response to MMTT (all P > 0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between PRE training IR and change in IR after HIIT (r = − 0.96, P < 0.05).
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. Conclusion
. Two weeks of HIIT did not elicit improvements to fasting or postprandial glucose or insulin health outcomes in a group of adolescent boys. However the negative correlation between PRE IR and improvements after HIIT suggest that interventions of this type may be effective in adolescents with raised baseline IR.
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Sansum KM, Weston ME, Bond B, Cockcroft EJ, O'Connor A, Tomlinson OW, Williams CA, Barker AR (2019). Validity of the Supramaximal Test to Verify Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Children and Adolescents.
Pediatr Exerc Sci,
31(2), 213-222.
Abstract:
Validity of the Supramaximal Test to Verify Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Children and Adolescents.
Purpose: This study had 2 objectives: (1) to examine whether the validity of the supramaximal verification test for maximal oxygen uptake (
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. Methods: in total, 128 children and adolescents (76 male and 52 females; age: 9.3-17.4 y) performed a ramp-incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer followed by a supramaximal test to verify
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. was greater than the supramaximal test (2.27 [0.65] L·min-1 and 2.17 [0.63] L·min-1; P
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Cockcroft EJ (2019). “Power to the people”: the need for more public involvement in Sports Science for Health.
Sport Sciences for Health Full text.
2018
Cockcroft EJ, Williams CA, Jackman SR, Bassi S, Armstrong N, Barker AR (2018). A single bout of high-intensity interval exercise and work-matched moderate-intensity exercise has minimal effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in 7- to 10-year-old boys.
Journal of Sports Sciences,
36(2), 149-155.
Abstract:
A single bout of high-intensity interval exercise and work-matched moderate-intensity exercise has minimal effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in 7- to 10-year-old boys
© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor. &. Francis Group. The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation in young boys. Eleven boys (8.8 ± 0.8 y) completed three conditions: 1) HIIE; 2) work-matched MIE; and 3) rest (CON) followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to determine glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (Cederholm index). Fat oxidation was measured following the OGTT using indirect calorimetry. There was no effect for condition on plasma [glucose] and [insulin] area under the curve (AUC) responses following the OGTT (P > 0.09). However, there was a “trend” for a condition effect for insulin sensitivity with a small increase after HIIE (P = 0.04, ES = 0.28, 9.7%) and MIE (P = 0.07, ES = 0.21, 6.5%) compared to CON. There was an increase in fat oxidation AUC following HIIE (P = 0.008, ES = 0.79, 38.9%) compared to CON, but with no differences between MIE and CON and HIIE and MIE (P > 0.13). In conclusion, 7- to 10-year-old boys may have limited scope to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance after a single bout of HIIE and MIE. However, fat oxidation is augmented after HIIE but not MIE.
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Liabo K, Boddy K, Burchmore H, Cockcroft E, Britten N (2018). Clarifying the roles of patients in research.
BMJ,
361 Author URL.
Cooper C, Dawson S, Peters J, Varley-Campbell J, Cockcroft E, Hendon J, Churchill R (2018). Revisiting the need for a literature search narrative: a brief methodological note.
Res Synth Methods,
9(3), 361-365.
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Revisiting the need for a literature search narrative: a brief methodological note.
In this method note, we question if the primary search strategy in a systematic review should be accompanied by a search narrative. A search narrative could offer a conceptual and contextual report on the search strategy, which we suggest might benefit the peer review of literature searches and increase engagement with, and discussion of, the literature search strategy from review stakeholders, topic experts, and lay users of research. Search narratives would also increase the transparency of decision-making in literature searching.
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Jackman SR, Brook MS, Pulsford RM, Cockcroft EJ, Campbell MI, Rankin D, Atherton P, Smith K, Bowtell JL (2018). Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men.
Exp Gerontol,
110, 202-208.
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Tart cherry concentrate does not enhance muscle protein synthesis response to exercise and protein in healthy older men.
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to anabolic resistance in response to protein and exercise in older adults. We investigated whether consumption of montmorency cherry concentrate (MCC) increased anabolic sensitivity to protein ingestion and resistance exercise in healthy older men. METHODS: Sixteen healthy older men were randomized to receive MCC (60 mL·d-1) or placebo (PLA) for two weeks, after baseline measures in week 1. During week 3, participants consumed 10 g whey protein·d-1 and completed three bouts of unilateral leg resistance exercise (4 × 8-10 repetitions at 80% 1RM). Participants consumed a bolus (150 mL) and weekly (50 mL) doses of deuterated water. Body water 2H enrichment was measured in saliva and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken from the non-exercised leg after weeks 1, 2 and 3, and the exercised leg after week 3, to measure tracer incorporation at rest, in response to protein and protein + exercise. RESULTS: Myofibrillar protein synthesis increased in response to exercise + protein compared to rest (p
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2017
Cockcroft EJ, Williams CA, Weaver H, O'Connor A, Jackman SR, Armstrong N, Barker AR (2017). Acute Exercise and Insulin Sensitivity in Boys: a Time-Course Study.
Int J Sports Med,
38(13), 967-974.
Abstract:
Acute Exercise and Insulin Sensitivity in Boys: a Time-Course Study.
This study examined the time course of adaptions in insulin sensitivity (IS) in adolescent boys after acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE). Eight boys (15.1±0.4 y) completed three 3-day experimental trials in a randomised order: 1) 8×1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery (HIIE); 2) cycling at 90% of gas exchange threshold for a duration to match work during HIIE (MIE); and 3) rest (CON). Plasma [glucose] and [insulin] were measured before (PRE-Ex), 24 and 48 h post (24 h-POST, 48 h-POST) in a fasted state, and 40 min (POST-Ex) and 24 h (24 h-POST) post in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). IS was estimated using the Cederholm (OGTT) and HOMA (fasted) indices. There was no change to HOMA at 24 h or 48 h-POST (all P>0.05). IS from the OGTT was higher POST-EX for HIIE compared to CON (17.4%, P=0.010, ES=1.06), and a non-significant increase in IS after MIE compared to CON (9.0%, P=0.14, ES=0.59). At 24 h-POST, IS was higher following both HIIE and MIE compared to CON (HIIE: P=0.019, 13.2%, ES=0.88; MIE: 9.7%, P=0.024, ES=0.65). In conclusion, improvements to IS after a single bout of HIIE and MIE persist up to 24 h after exercise when assessed by OGTT.
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Cockcroft EJ, Moudiotis C, Kitchen J, Bond B, Williams CA, Barker AR (2017). High-intensity interval exercise and glycemic control in adolescents with type one diabetes mellitus: a case study.
Physiol Rep,
5(13).
Abstract:
High-intensity interval exercise and glycemic control in adolescents with type one diabetes mellitus: a case study.
Current physical activity guidelines for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are poorly supported by empirical evidence and the optimal dose of physical activity to improve glycemic control is unknown. This case report documents the effect of acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) on 24-h glycemic control in three adolescents with T1D using continuous glucose monitoring. Results highlight varied individual response to exercise across the participants. In two participants both MIE and HIIE resulted in a drop in blood glucose during exercise (-38 to -42% for MIE and -21-46% in HIIE) and in one participant both MIE and HIIE resulted in increased blood glucose (+19% and + 36%, respectively). Over the 24-h period average blood glucose was lower for all participants in the HIIE condition, and for two for the MIE condition, compared to no exercise. All three participants reported HIIE to be more enjoyable than MIE These data show both HIIE and MIE have the potential to improve short-term glycemic control in youth with T1D but HIIE was more enjoyable. Future work with a larger sample size is required to explore the potential for HIIE to improve health markers in youth with T1D.
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2015
Bond B, Cockcroft EJ, Williams CA, Harris S, Gates PE, Jackman SR, Armstrong N, Barker AR (2015). Two weeks of high-intensity interval training improves novel but not traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,
309(6), H1039-H1047.
Abstract:
Two weeks of high-intensity interval training improves novel but not traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents, but no study has identified the influence of HIIT on endothelial and autonomic function in this group. Thirteen 13- to 14-yr-old adolescents (6 girls) completed six HIIT sessions over 2 wk. Each training session consisted of eight to ten 1-min repetitions of cycling at 90% peak power interspersed with 75 s of unloaded cycling. Traditional (triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and blood pressure) and novel [flow-mediated dilation (FMD), heart rate variability (HRV)] CVD risk factors were assessed in a fasted and postprandial state before (PRE), 1 day after (POST-1D), and 3 days after (POST-3D) training. Aerobic fitness was determined PRE and POST-3D. Two weeks of HIIT had no effect on aerobic fitness or traditional CVD risk factors determined in the fasted or postprandial state (P > 0.15). Compared with PRE, fasted FMD was improved POST-1D [P = 0.003, effect size (ES) = 0.70] but not POST-3D (P = 0.32, ES = 0.22). Fasted FMD was greater POST-1D compared with POST-3D (P = 0.04, ES = 0.48). Compared with PRE, postprandial FMD was greater POST-1D (P < 0.001, ES = 1.01) and POST-3D (P = 0.01, ES = 0.60). Fasted HRV was greater POST-1D (P = 0.001, ES = 0.71) and POST-3D (P = 0.02, ES = 0.44). The test meal lowered HRV in all laboratory visits (P < 0.001, ES = 0.59), but there were no differences in postprandial HRV between visits (P > 0.32 for all). Two weeks of HIIT enhanced endothelial function and HRV without improvements in traditional CVD risk factors. However, most of this favorable adaptation was lost POST-3D, suggesting that regularly performing high-intensity exercise is needed to maintain these benefits.
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